Isolation system
Isolation systems are structural systems for controlling access to a room or site. On the one hand, people can be checked with regard to their authorization and, on the other hand, access can be directed in an orderly manner. When connected to a counter , the number of people passing can also be recorded automatically based on the rotations.
The isolation systems include turnstiles, turnstiles and gates as well as sensor and personnel locks. They are often used in connection with access control systems and are used to control paid entrance fees or traffic safety.
Types of isolation systems
Turnstiles
Turnstiles consist of a fixed device, usually a housing that is attached to the floor, and three rotating bars. This regulates the flow of passers-by so that only one person can pass the turnstile at a time.
Turnstiles are used, for example, in administration buildings , authorities, airports and banks . Turnstiles can also be found in swimming pools , stadiums , fitness studios , casinos and public transport. Here, specially designed solutions are used, which are equipped with machines for payment, for checking chips or for inserting special tokens . Depending on the system, the turnstile clears the way for the user after presenting an access card or paying a certain amount.
Motorized turnstiles are particularly practical for stadiums and similar large event centers, the upper spar of which folds down automatically in dangerous and emergency situations so that a free passage is created. Modern turnstiles also offer a central automatic re-installation at the push of a button, so that the staff does not have to bring the bars back to their starting position themselves after the dangerous situation.
Turnstiles
Turnstiles are isolation systems that consist of a turnstile column and two, three or four wings mounted on the column. This allows several people to walk through the turnstile one behind the other, but not at the same time, which enables a large number of people to move around in a controlled manner.
Turnstiles are available in half-height and high versions. Half-height turnstiles are often found at the entrances to swimming pools , amusement parks and other facilities, but also in corporate reception areas . High turnstiles are usually found at the entrance to stadiums , industrial sites, bicycle parking spaces and military areas or at unsupervised exits. Compared to half-height turnstiles, they are difficult to climb over and can also be secured with fences or barbed wire .
Turnstiles can control access to specific areas in a number of ways. Turnstiles on company premises can usually be passed with an employee ID; The person is identified via the ID. If the exit is also recorded, it can also be determined who is still within the enclosed area.
In stadiums, turnstiles allow access after entering the ticket into the reader. In the exit direction these turnstiles can be passed without an entrance ticket.
Turnstiles also serve as protection for level crossings . There are occasional simple turnstiles on other routes; they used to be called reels .
Sensor barriers
Sensor barriers consist of a sensor- monitored passage with automatic sliding or pivoting doors that can be half-height or high. These isolation systems enable comfortable passage even with bags or luggage, as barrier-free passage is possible when the doors are open. After passage, the doors close automatically to prevent unauthorized persons from passing through.
Sensor barriers are mainly used in administrative and government buildings, banks, airports, companies and universities .
The security level is largely determined by sensors. The length of the monitored area is therefore an index for the security level. Systems with a high security level in the entrance direction and a lower security level for the exit are often used.
Person locks
Person interlocks are cabins with two access doors. The floor plan of the lock can take various forms, e.g. B. round or square and is usually designed so that only one person has space in the lock. There are various means of determining whether only one person has actually entered the airlock: contact mats in the airlock, light barriers and scales .
An even higher level of security can be achieved by installing biometric test systems in the lock. By checking features such as fingerprints or face recognition, it can be determined whether the person is actually authorized to pass through the lock.
Air locks are used, for example, in nuclear power plants , banks, research centers, data centers, government buildings and airports.
A special form of the security gate is used at the border crossings at airports. For passengers, the transition from the secured air side to the generally accessible land side is regulated by a corridor that is equipped with several doors. This system prevents unauthorized persons from entering the secured air side.
Person locks in animal husbandry
Locks can also be used to separate people and animals, as is required in walk-in enclosures in zoos. People understand the lock mechanism and can enter and exit the enclosure. For the animals it is an obstacle.
A distinction is made between floor sluices , which are used for ground-dwelling animals, and curtain sluices , which are built into aviaries for flight animals such as birds or bats. In the case of curtain locks, one or both gates consist of a curtain made of plastic or hanging chains that completely close the entrance and are considered impassable by the animals.
Also Cattle grid covered by floor locks to the cultivated area of hiking trails to separate. Otherwise, the cattle are kept on their fenced or wired farming areas by low-power currents.
Access machine
An access machine enables access to a locked room (e.g. a public toilet ) or non-public, demarcated area (e.g. a park, swimming pool or zoo) or building (e.g. a machine hotel , outside reception opening times, other hotels or a lookout tower) in return for payment .
It is often coupled with turnstiles or other isolation systems or (in public lavatories or hotels) electric door openers , and occasionally also with authorization control systems. The maintenance costs of such systems are rather low.
literature
- Stefan Höhne: Isolation systems. The genesis of the turnstile from the spirit of automatic control . In: Technikgeschichte , 83, 2016, issue 2, pp. 103–124, ISSN 0040-117X .
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ reel, 2 d. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 10 : H, I, J - (IV, 2nd division). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1877 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).