People wanted
Under wanted person sought covers all measures to determine the whereabouts of people (suspects, missing persons, witnesses). In terms of time, people can be searched by emergency services at the scene during the security attack.
Target persons
Target persons are people who have been advertised by the public prosecutor for a targeted search with the consent of a judge.
In the wanted alert, the purpose of the wanted person is stated:
- Wanted for arrest
- Search to determine the whereabouts
- Wanted to notice the occurrence
- The arrest on their part serves
- commencement of custody ( remand or criminal detention ). The search for persons for the purpose of the re- apprehension of escaped prisoners is considered to be an enforcement aid under police law or
- the presentation to the court or to the regional court doctor (in each case presentation arrest warrant).
- The location is used
- the investigation of witnesses or persons providing information, but only in rare cases and in the case of significant criminal offenses, possibly as a supplement to a call for witnesses as part of the public search ,
- conducting an interrogation , e.g. B. to announce an authorized recipient or
- the police detention of missing minors and their transfer to a child / youth center if they are not (can) picked up by their legal guardians.
execution
A special case of the manhunt is the alarm manhunt in the context of dealing with immediate situations . A description of the person or the like must be provided by respondents. and, if possible, also know the direction of escape. In this case, the persons are not only recorded in the wanted database, but wanted searches are started via police radio and targeted searches (e.g. crime scene area search).
Another special case of wanted people is the targeted search : the planned, active search for selected criminals or suspects who are particularly dangerous or who have committed particularly serious violent crimes or economic offenses with high amounts of damage (in Germany: § 98a , § 100a , § 110a StPO ). For this purpose, detectives conduct intensive investigations. If there are concrete indications of the target person's whereabouts, they may travel to other countries themselves to support the local authorities.
The border search is the priority search on international borders.
Instruments
Search instruments for people wanted are the evaluation of the connection data of the telecommunications, the tracing of travel movements ( border controls , passenger lists , etc.) as well as the involvement of the public and, if necessary, the Schengen information system , also known under the acronym SIS. Target investigators also use data from other authorities such as B. Employment agencies or employers to do research about the target person. Target investigators also invent an excuse to avoid the wanted person z. B. to lure under a pretext to the authority of the employment agency in order to arrest them there or to determine the whereabouts of the wanted person. Target investigators work in teams with sometimes more than 20 employees. This target manhunt is only focused on a person who has been specifically advertised for a manhunt, also called a target person.
In the case of criminal prosecution, there is also the trawling (in Germany: § 163d StPO) and, in the case of serious crimes, the control body according to § 111 StPO. During the first attack and in the case of serious crimes, the manhunt can also be carried out using a ring manhunt . The following are common: Announcements ( radio traffic ), intranet / extranet search calls, publications (wanted book) and the like. It is carried out visually ( patrol duty , police helicopter ), olfactory ( police dogs ) and communicatively by questioning the social environment as well as technically ( location , telephone monitoring , IMSI catcher , entry into the INPOL system).
Identification material (photos and fingerprint sheets), personal descriptions (e.g. phantom images and photos of the penal institutions) can be used to help with the search .
The search for property is the task of the property manhunt (SF). The search for people and objects partially overlap, if z. B. the people are traveling in a (known) motor vehicle - here a search is made for the vehicle registration number in order to grasp the person.
From a criminalist point of view, it is also useful to compare the fingerprints with the AFIS (Germany) if the perpetrator is unknown.
Public search
The public search is only permitted under certain conditions, namely when all other search means have not been successful. Such a public search is possible via wanted posters, flyers, press releases or television broadcasts such as file number XY ... unsolved . It is an important tool in the search for people if there is a serious criminal offense, a missing person or an unknown dead person (with an unnatural cause of death) - "Missing / Unknown Dead" (VUT). The mass media in particular are turned on here in order to reach a large number of potential whistleblowers. Furthermore, searches are carried out by means of a profile or relevant households are visited. The first manhunt on television took place on November 7, 1938 in Berlin on the Paul Nipkow television station .
Non-police wanted
Also Investigators , Bounty Hunter or members (. Eg in disappearances) can operate wanted person; In particular, private individuals or institutions can also offer rewards for information that leads to the capture / discovery of a wanted person.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Police history, From the criminal album to the television search . Tagesspiegel.de, 2011
