Petrarch sonnet
The Petrarch sonnet or Italian sonnet is the classic form of the Italian sonnet that goes back to Francesco Petrarca , especially in contrast to the Shakespeare sonnet . It consists of two quartets (it. Quartine , quatrains) and two trios (it. Tercet , three-line verses) with the rhyme scheme
- [abba abba cdc dcd]
with surrounding rhyme in the quartets and rhyme of terzines in the terzets or with rhyme of the cross in the quartets and rhyme of three in the terzets
- [abab abab cde cde]
or similar. It is characteristic that a maximum of five rhymes are used (in contrast to the Shakespeare sonnet) and no pair rhymes appear in the terzets (in contrast to the Ronsard sonnet ). The meter is in the Italian seal usually the hendecasyllable (hendecasyllable).
The first sonnet in Petrarch's canzoniere reads:
Voi ch'ascoltate in rime sparse il suono
di quei sospiri ond'io nudriva 'l core
in sul mio primo giovenile errore
quand'era in parte altr'uom da quel ch'i' sono,
del vario stile in ch'io piango et ragiono
fra le vane speranze e 'l van dolore,
ove sia chi per prova intenda amore,
spero trovar pietà, nonché perdono.
Ma ben veggio or sì come al popol tutto
favola fui gran tempo, onde sovente
di me medesmo meco mi vergogno;
et del mio vaneggiar vergogna è 'l frutto,
e' l pentersi, e 'l conoscer chiaramente
che quanto piace al mondo è breve sogno.
Transfer from Karl Förster :
Who
,
as you weave through my rhymes, lurks the sighs with which I nourished my heart, When the delusions of youth enlivened me,
When was different from now, partly my life, -
Changing style, to which I cry, surrendered,
Since vain hope consumed me and woes
, Where experience taught
us to know love, pity, I hope, is partly not forgiven.
Well, I now see how I was
long on
everyone's lips The little girl , and such a confession power that, ashamed, I glow in myself;
And the only fruit of my folly at the hour
is shame and repentance and clear knowledge
that the air of the world flees like a short dream.
As an example of the form written in German, the self-referential poem Das Sonett by August Wilhelm Schlegel (with the rhyme scheme[abba abba cde dce]):
Two rhymes are called 'I return four times,
And place them, divided, in equal rows,
That here and there two framed by two
in the double choir float up and down.
Then the chain of uniformity loops through two links,
alternating more freely, each of three.
In such order, in such number,
The tender and proudest of songs flourish .
I will never
wreath him with my lines, To whom vain gimmick seems to be my being,
And obstinacy the artificial laws.
But to whom secret magic beckons in me,
To whom I lend highness, fill within narrow limits,
and pure symmetry of opposites.
literature
- Ivo Braak : Poetics in a nutshell. 8th edition. Bornträger, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-443-03109-9 , p. 175.
- Walter Mönch : The sonnet. Shape and history. Kerle, Heidelberg 1955, p. 16.
- Gero von Wilpert : Subject dictionary of literature. 8th edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-520-84601-3 , p. 605.
Individual evidence
- ^ Gianfranco Contini (ed.): "Il Canzoniere" di Francesco Petrarca. Edizione Einaudi, 1964, online .
- ↑ From: Francesco Petrarca's Italian poems, translated and accompanied by explanatory notes by Karl Förster, professor at the K. Knight Academy in Dresden. 2 vol., Brockhaus, Leipzig and Altenburg 1818/19, vol. 1, p. 5 (bilingual edition; digital copies of volume 1 and volume 2 on Google Books )
- ^ August Wilhelm von Schlegel: Complete Works , Vol. 1, Leipzig 1846 (3rd, much increased edition), p. 304; Digitized in the Internet Archive.