Pan-burial culture

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Painted sheep and goat skulls from the pan-burial culture from a grave near Abindan

The pan grave culture is a from the 18th century BC. Archaeological culture occurring in Lower Nubia and Upper Egypt . Their graves are stool graves and are characterized by round pits with low rubble-ringed burial mounds , shallow sacrificial pits and trenches with painted goat skulls . The grave goods include vessels coated in black and decorated with a distinctive incised decoration. The burials, whose owners were identified with the Medjai , show more and more features of Egyptian graves over time and can hardly be distinguished from them from the 18th dynasty .

The pottery of the pan-burial culture is very similar to the simple pottery of the Kerma culture in Upper Nubia and is widespread in both Egypt and Nubia. At the time of the 17th dynasty , the ceramic type also appeared in Atbai in eastern Sudan , so that the Medjai had a similar distribution area as the modern Bedscha .

In Wadi as-Subu ' and in Amada two fortified ring-shaped stone villages have been preserved, which probably served as defensive structures against the Theban rulers of the 17th dynasty .

literature

  • Bruce B. Williams: Pan-grave culture . In: Kathryn A. Bard (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the Archeology of Ancient Egypt . Routledge, London et al. 1999, ISBN 0-415-18589-0 , pp. 607 .
  • Aaron M. de Souza: New Horizons: The Pan-Grave ceramic tradition in context (= Middle Kingdom Studies. Volume 9). Golden House Publications, London 2019, ISBN 978-1-906137-65-6 .

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