Cultivation system (fruit growing)
A cultivation system is the term used to describe the externally visible features of a fruit plantation in intensive fruit growing . They include the planting system, the planting method and the tree shape.
Planting system
The planting system results from the planting density and the arrangement of the planting sites to one another.
Single-row spindle planting (slim spindle)
Double row spindle planting
Triple row (North Holland system)
Dense planting with cord trees
Due to rising land prices, weak roots, early start of yield and high fertility of dense plantings, the density of trees per hectare kept increasing. Multi-row systems try to achieve an even better use of space by reducing the number of tramlines. Due to the difficulty of accessing the inner sides of the tree with multiple rows, which is disadvantageous for plant protection , cutting and harvesting, the single row system still prevails today.
Planting way
The planting method can be straight, diagonally in the row (Drapeau system) or diagonally to the rows (oblique planting, V system).
With the Drapeau system, the trees are planted at an angle. They sprout again on the upper side of the trunk extension, which is attached with wires, so that an "fruit wall" is created.
With the V system, the trees were planted about 50 cm apart and then placed alternately to the left or right outside. He has a wide variety of systems, including the Australian Tatura system, the southern French V system, the Mikado system and the Güttinger V system.
With the Güttinger V system, 4,761 trees per hectare can be planted with a planting width of 3.50 × 0.60 m.
Tree shape
The tree shape or crown shape can be partially predetermined by the planting material - in particular the base . But it arises essentially only through the training of the crown . Besides the classic pyramid crown that is rarely used, there are the hollow crown that palmettes crown and the prevailing market fruit growing spindle . The cord tree used in extremely dense plantings is also called a super spindle .
literature
- Hermann Link, Eduard Lucas, Fritz Winter (eds.): Lucas' instructions for fruit growing . 32nd edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-5545-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ News from pear cultivation. Brief description of the tree shapes ( memento of the original from January 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Cultivation systems for apples . Comparison of the slim spindle and the Güttinger V system. In: fruit growing . No. 10 , 2014, p. 555-560 .
