Underlay (plants)

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A base is usually in the finishing of woody plants used, but can also be applied to vegetables and consists of the root system of a plant and a part of the stem. Another variety of the same botanical family is grafted onto the base; some successful connections are only possible in this close relationship. The variety with the desired fruit or flower properties is called noble rice or noble eye . A short piece of twig or bud (the "eye") is usually connected using the grafting or inoculating technique . The base not only provides the refined shoot with water and nutrients, but also has a strong influence on the noble variety. Various factors such as vigor, fruit size, color, ripening time or flower approach and flower color are influenced depending on the substrate.

If possible, documents should belong to the same genus or species as noble rice; In exceptional cases it can also be grafted to other genera within a family. Application examples:

  • In the case of rose stems, a particularly good stem-forming base, a particularly compact, richly flowering noble variety is used.
  • For apples, a particularly slow growing rootstock is used (usually M9 or M27 in commercial fruit growing) and a normally growing, but particularly fruitful variety is placed on top. Both together form a small, well-fruiting plant. For example, Supporter 4 is recommended for extensive cultivation .
  • The quince , which is related to it, is used as a base in order to keep pear trees small .
  • The rootstock of a vine has phylloxera resistance as the most important property . Depending on the strength of the phylloxera resistance, the root system of the vine that develops from the rootstock is biotechnologically protected against infestation by root revelers.

Types of documents

Production methods

  • Seedling bases: Here the base is created from a seed through germination ( seedling ). Trees grafted on seedling bases usually become large solitary trees with stable and strong roots.
  • Vegetatively propagated documents: The propagation takes place mostly through demolitions (demolition documents). The mother plants are cut back to the ground. The newly emerging shoots are piled up in layers, causing roots to form in the lower area. In late autumn, special machines are used to cut through the resulting dams and the rooted shoots are collected and sorted by root neck diameter. In the meantime, documents from the plant tissue culture are already on the market, such as the plum underlay "WAVIT Prudom".

origin

Due to the unmanageably large number of different apple rootstocks in Europe, the East Malling Research Station (England) evaluated and selected rootstocks of Western European origins. These were in different quarters, the number of which can be found in the name today. The M9 rootstock (the M stands for M alling and not, as often claimed for M Alus ) was therefore in the Quartier # 9. There were also performed crosses that led to the MM documents ( M erton M alling). Document A2 comes from Sweden. French institutes ( INRA ) are successfully dealing with plum shapes. For cherries, weak rootstocks for cherries were selected in Gießen (Gi-Sel-A).

Frequently used documents

Classification of the most common documents found in retail:

  • Rootstocks of the weakly growing group ( slender spindle , bush, espalier suitable, tree heights 1.5 to 3 m)
Apples: M27 , M9 , M26 , Supporter 4 or P22 ,
Pear: quince A or slower growing quince C
Cherry: GiSelA 3
Plum: INRA GF 2038
  • Rootstocks of the medium-growing group (bush or half-trunk, tree heights 3 to 4.5 m)
Apple: MM106 , M4 , MM111 , M2 or M7
Pear: Quince A and Pyrodwarf
Cherries: GiSelA 5 , GiSelA 6 and Colt
Plum: INRA GF 655/2 , St. Julien A and Wavit
  • Rootstocks of the strongly growing group ( high trunk , half trunk , tree heights over 5 m)
Apples: MM109 , M25 , M11 or A2 , seedlings from Antonowka , Bittenfelder , Grahams and Jakob Fischer
Pear: Kirchensaller Mostbirne , Augustbirne , Gellert's Butterbirne , Josephine von Mechelen
Cherry: F 12 / I
Plum: Brompton or Marianna INRA GF 8/1

Master builder

For apples z. T. also refined master builder between rootstock and noble rice. Some varieties do not form straight or very frost-sensitive stems. There is rarely an incompatibility between the substrate and the noble variety (repulsion). Sometimes intermediate grafting protects a susceptible variety from stem rot or collar rot . At the moment, the main master varieties are: Maunzenapfel , Jakob Fischer , Schneiderapfel , Hibernal and Dubble zoete Agt . Up to the forties of the twentieth century, 40 different master formers were used, including Pomme d´Or and Genereuse de Vitry . As an alternative in the event of intolerance, the intermediate variety can also be inserted only a few millimeters thick, directly in one work step, between the base and the rice ( Nicolier ). In the case of pears, intermediate processing is also common if there is an incompatibility between the quince base and the noble rice. Gellert's butter pear is often used as a master builder.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ulrich Sachweh (editor): The gardener, Volume 3, tree nursery, fruit growing, seed growing, vegetable growing . 2nd edition, Ulmer, Stuttgart 1986/1989, ISBN 3-8001-1148-9 , p. 251

literature

Web links

  • Overview of rootstock for the processing of tomatoes, aubergines and cucumbers