Phalloceros
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Spotted Kaudi ( Phalloceros caudimaculatus ), male |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Phalloceros | ||||||||||||
| Eigenmann , 1907 |
Phalloceros is a genus of viviparous toothcarps from southeastern South America . The best-known representative is the Kaudi ( Phalloceros caudimaculatus ), a freshwater ornamental fish of which several cultivated forms exist.
features
Phalloceros species reach a length of up to six centimeters. The males remain significantly smaller than the females. Compared to other viviparous toothcarps, they have a long gonopodium in relation to their body size . At the top of the gonopodium there is a horn-like extension from which the generic name is derived (from Greek κέρας kéras : horn). Many species have a black, round spot in the back of the body in front of the base of the caudal peduncle. In some species this spot is more oval to line-shaped, in others it is completely absent. There are black and gold-colored cultivated forms of Kaudi.
distribution
The natural range of the genus extends from the Rio São Francisco in Brazil via Uruguay and Paraguay to Argentina , where the animals occur in the catchment area of the Río Paraná . Phalloceros caudimaculatus has been identified as a neozoon in Australia .
Systematics
For a long time Phalloceros was considered monotypical with the Kaudi as the only representative. Recent research has allowed the description of a larger number of new species. There are currently 22 known species:
- Phalloceros alessandrae Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros anisophallos Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros aspilos Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros buckupi Lucinda, 2008
- Kaudi ( Phalloceros caudimaculatus ) (Hensel, 1868)
- Phalloceros elachistos Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros enneaktinos Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros heptaktinos Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros leptokeras Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros leticiae Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros lucenorum Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros malabarbai Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros megapolos Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros mikrommatos Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros ocellatus Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros pellos Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros reisi Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros spiloura Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros titthos Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros tupinamba Lucinda, 2008
- Phalloceros uai Lucinda, 2008
Individual evidence
- ↑ Female of Kaudi: Phalloceros caudimaculatus on Fishbase.org (English)
- ↑ Freshwater pest fish - Speckled mosquitofish ( Phalloceros caudimaculatus ) NSW Department of Primary Industries, accessed October 12, 2011
- ↑ Laurence Radin, Kylie La Spina, Mike Braimbridge, Ben Malseed: Environmental values, flow related issues and objectives for the Canning River, Western Australia: From the Canning Dam to Kent St Weir. In: Environmental Water Report Series. No. EWR5, Government of Western Australia, Department of Water, 2007, ISSN 1833-6582 , pp. 69-70 ( PDF file; 0.7 MB ).
literature
- Paulo Henrique Franco Lucinda: Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with the description of twenty-one new species. In: Neotropical Ichthyology. Volume 6, No. 2, 2008, ISSN 1679-6225 , pp. 113-158 ( PDF file; 8.8 MB ).
- Manfred K. Meyer, Lothar Wischnath, Wolfgang Foerster: Livebearers ornamental fish: Species of the world. Mergus Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde Baensch, Melle 1985, ISBN 3-88244-006-6
Web links
- Phalloceros on Fishbase.org (English)