Pill beetle
Pill beetle | ||||||||||||
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Common pill beetle ( Byrrhus pilula ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Byrrhidae | ||||||||||||
Latreille , 1804 |
The pill beetles , scientific name Byrrhidae , are a family of beetles . The family includes around 300 species, mainly in the temperate zones of the two hemispheres. The family is represented in Central Europe with 35 species from 11 genera.
features
The pill beetles are oval or round and have a strongly arched stature. Most of the body's extremities can be applied tightly. The antennae are eleven-limbed and are wider towards the end and rarely culled. The head shield is usually seamlessly fused with the forehead. The feet are five, rarely four-limbed. The front hips are separated from each other, with the mesosternal keel in between. The episterns of the rear chest taper towards the back. The size of the beetles ranges from 1.2 mm ( Syncaypta spinosa ) to 14 mm ( Byrrhus gigas ).
The dung beetle species Onthophagus verticicornis is also known in German as the nodding pill beetle , but belongs to the scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae).
Way of life
The larvae mostly feed on moss rhizoids in the soil . The adult beetles also feed on moss.
Systematics
Subfamilies and tribe of pill beetles:
- Amphicyrtinae LeConte , 1861
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Byrrhinae Latreille , 1804
- Exomellini Casey , 1914
- Morychini El Moursy , 1961
- Pedilophorini Casey , 1912
- Simplocariini Mulsant & Rey , 1869
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Syncalyptinae Mulsant & Rey , 1869
- Microchaetini Paulus , 1973
- Syncalyptini Mulsant & Rey , 1869
Species in Europe
The following 114 species occur in Europe:
- Arctobyrrhus dovrensis Munster , 1902
- Byrrhus (Byrrhus) arietinus Steffahny , 1842
- Byrrhus (Byrrhus) fasciatus ( Forster , 1771)
- Byrrhus (Byrrhus) geminatus LeConte , 1854
- Byrrhus (Byrrhus) numidicus Normand , 1935
- Byrrhus (Byrrhus) pilula - Common pill beetle ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Byrrhus (Byrrhus) pustulatus ( Forster , 1771})
- Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) derrei Allemand , 1987
- Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) focarilei Fabbri & Puetz , 1997
- Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) glabratus Heer , 1841
- Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) luniger Germar , 1817
- Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) nigrosparsus Chevrolat , 1866
- Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) picipes Duftschmid , 1825
- Byrrhus (Pseudobyrrhus) pilosellus Villa & Villa , 1833
- Byrrhus (Seminolus) alpinus Gory , 1829
- Byrrhus (Seminolus) auromicans Kiesenwetter , 1851
- Byrrhus (Seminolus) espanoli ( Fiori , 1960)
- Byrrhus (Seminolus) gigas Fabricius , 1787
- Byrrhus (Seminolus) lisellae ( Fiori , 1953)
- Byrrhus (Seminolus) nicolasi ( Fiori , 1966)
- Byrrhus (Seminolus) occidentalis ( Fiori , 1953)
- Byrrhus (Seminolus) pyrenaeus Dufour , 1834
- Byrrhus (Seminolus) signatus Sturm , 1823
- Byrrhus stoicus ( Muller , 1776)
- Carpathobyrrhulus tatricus Mroczkowski , 1957
- Carpathobyrrhulus transsylvanicus ( Suffrian , 1848)
- Chaetophora minuta ( Reitter , 1884)
- Chaetophora spinosa ( Rossi , 1794)
- Chrysobyrrhulus asturiensis Allemand , 1997
- Chrysobyrrhulus metallicus ( Chevrolat , 1865)
- Chrysobyrrhulus moltonii Fiori , 1964
- Chrysobyrrhulus triangularis Allemand , 1997
- Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) brancomontis Puetz , 2002
- Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) canariensis ( Franz , 1967)
- Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) capitata ( Wollaston , 1854)
- Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) granulosa ( Wollaston , 1865)
- Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) horrida ( Wollaston , 1854)
- Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) integra ( Wollaston , 1864)
- Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) maderiensis Puetz , 2002
- Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) ovuliformis ( Wollaston , 1854)
- Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) senicis Puetz , 2002
- Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) tenerifensis ( Palm , 1976)
- Curimopsis (Atlantopsis) wollastoni Puetz , 2002
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) andalusiaca ( Franz , 1967)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) austriaca ( Franz , 1967)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) carniolica ( Ganglbauer , 1902)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) cyclolepidia ( Munster , 1902)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) franzi Paulus , 1973
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) ganglbaueri ( Plavilshikov , 1924)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) incisa ( Obenberger , 1917)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) italica ( Franz , 1967)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) jordai ( Reitter , 1910)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) maritima ( Marsham , 1802)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) monticola ( Franz , 1967)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) moosilauke Johnson , 1986
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) nigrita ( Palm , 1934)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) paleata ( Erichson , 1846)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) palmi ( Franz , 1967)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) provencalis ( Franz , 1967)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) setigera ( Illiger , 1798)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) setosa ( Waltl , 1838)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) syriaca ( Baudi , 1870)
- Curimopsis (Curimopsis) vicentina Paulus , 1973
- Curimus abbreviatus Sahlberg , 1903
- Curimus brenskei Reitter , 1884
- Curimus decorus ( Steffahny , 1842)
- Curimus erichsoni Reitter , 1881
- Curimus erinaceus ( Duftschmid , 1825)
- Curimus insignis ( Steffahny , 1842)
- Curimus interstitialis Reitter , 1881
- Curimus lariensis ( Villa & Villa , 1833)
- Curimus maglicensis Obenberger , 1917
- Curimus montenegrinus Reitter , 1881
- Curimus petraeus Gredler , 1863
- Curimus rudis Fairmaire , 1876
- Curimus terminatus Reitter , 1884
- Cytilus auricomus ( Duftschmid , 1825)
- Cytilus sericeus ( Forster , 1771)
- Lamprobyrrhulus nitidus ( Schaller , 1783)
- Lasiomorychus apfelbecki ( Reitter , 1889)
- Morychus aeneus ( Fabricius , 1775)
- Pedilophorus auratus ( Duftschmid , 1825)
- Pedilophorus colonnellii Fabbri , 1999
- Pedilophorus macedonicus ( Schubert , 1969)
- Pedilophorus monicae Fabbri , 1999
- Pedilophorus moraveci Fabbri & Allemand , 2002
- Pedilophorus shqiperianus Fabbri & Allemand , 2002
- Pedilophorus szeli Fabbri & Allemand , 2002
- Pedilophorus zelenosivus Fabbri & Allemand , 2002
- Pedilophorus zierisi Fabbri & Allemand , 2002
- Porcinolus murinus ( Fabricius , 1794)
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) acuminata Erichson , 1847
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) arctica Poppius , 1904
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) brevistriata Reitter , 1900
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) deubeli Ganglbauer , 1899
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) elongata Sahlberg , 1903
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) frigida Krogerus , 1921
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) jugicola Baudi , 1889
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) macularis Reitter , 1896
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) maculosa Erichson , 1847
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) metallica ( Sturm , 1807)
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) nivalis Ganglbauer , 1904
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) palmeni Poppius , 1904
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) semistriata ( Fabricius , 1794)
- Simplocaria (Simplocaria) striata Brisout , 1866
- Simplocaria (Trinaria) carpathica Hampe , 1853
- Simplocaria (Trinaria) montenegrina Obenberger , 1917
- Trichobyrrhulus arragonicus Reitter , 1911
- Trichobyrrhulus fabbrii Allemand , 1998
- Trichobyrrhulus piochardi ( Heyden , 1870)
- Trichobyrrhulus puetzi Allemand , 1998
- Trichobyrrhulus stierlini ( Des Gozis , 1882)
- Trichobyrrhulus variolosus ( Perris , 1864)
- Trichobyrrhulus zercheorum Puetz , 2002
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ K. Hurka: Beetles of the Czech and Slovak Republics. Kabourek, Zlin 2005, ISBN 80-86447-11-1 , p. 109.
- ^ A b Karl Wilhelm Harde, Frantisek Severa, Edwin Möhn: Der Kosmos Käferführer: The Central European Beetles. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06959-1 , p. 202.
- ↑ a b Jiří Zahradník, Irmgard Jung, Dieter Jung and others: Beetles of Central and Northwestern Europe. Parey, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-490-27118-1 , pp. 157ff.
- ↑ Byrrhidae. Fauna Europaea, accessed March 27, 2017 .