Whip top

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A whip top
Children spinning. Detail from the children's game picture by Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Ä. (around 1560)

Peitschenkreisel ( local language also Doppisch , Dildop , Pindopp , Dilledopp , Triesel , Tanzknopf , Pitschendopp , Tüntje ) is the name for a children's toy and a children's game .

The toy

The toy consists of a conical top with horizontally notched, circumferential grooves and a whip (a stick with a cord attached to it).

The game

The game with the whip top is often documented in game history in pictures and text:

The top is first wrapped with the string and then set into rotation by quickly pulling off the whip. With a little skill, he can then be kept rotating by continuing whipping .

The game can be played alone or with a partner or opponent: In "solo" it is important to keep the top moving for as long as possible without outside help. In the "duo", partners alternately give the top the strokes necessary to maintain the rotation. In the form of competition, various tasks can be set, such as being the first to cross a certain finish line with the roundabout, to drive over obstacles, on slopes or steps. In order to facilitate the rotational movement, the game is played on the smoothest possible surface.

Historical development

The shape of the trompo and the way of playing with him have after the historic tracing the game Scientists Warwitz / Rudolf since the first mention in the games Alfonso X of Castile in the 13th century, depicting the cycle of novels Gargantua and Pantagruel at François Rabelais from the year 1535, the illustrations by Bruegel (1560), Comenius (1658) and Chodowiecki (1774) as well as the educational offers by Basedow (1774) or GutsMuths (1796) have not changed over the centuries until today.

The Orbis sensualium pictus (The Visible World), often also called Orbis pictus for short , from 1658 was a textbook for young people and schoolchildren that was widespread in Europe from the 17th to the 19th century and made the game known among other people in large parts of the population. With the didactician Comenius and the philanthropists Basedow and GutsMuths, it then also found its way into school education. It still appears in the educational concept of the gymnastics father Friedrich Ludwig Jahn . In the period after the Second World War, it was still often practiced as a street game , but due to the advance of electronic games and the dense traffic, it has largely disappeared from public streets today and is usually only interested in traditional parents and in the revival of old toys Teachers conveyed.

Napoleon Bonaparte as a gaming top for opponents of war (caricature 1814)

Image metaphorical use

A caricature from 1814 shows the Corsican Napoleon Bonaparte as a torso with lost arms and legs, as a tortured creature in the form of a top that is being driven around in circles by his victorious enemies with whips.

See also

literature

  • Alfons X. "The Wise": The Book of Games. Translated and commented by Ulrich Schädler and Ricardo Calvo . Lit Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-50011-3 .
  • Johann Bernhard Basedow's "Elementarwerk" with the copper plates by Chodowiecki, critical treatment in three volumes, edited by Theodor Fritzsch, 3rd volume, Ernst Wiegand Verlagbuchhandlung Leipzig 1909, newer edition Olms, Hildesheim-New York 1972
  • JA Comenius: "Ludes pueriles" 1658, In: SA Warwitz, A. Rudolf: From the sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas . 4th edition, Baltmannsweiler 2016, p. 196 f
  • Adam Fijałkowski: Orbis Pictus. Świat malowany Jana Amosa Komeńskiego. Orbis Pictus. The world in pictures by Johann Amos Comenius. Warsaw University, Warsaw 2008, ISBN 978-83-924821-9-2 .
  • JCF Guts Muths: Games for exercise and relaxation of the body and mind . Schnepfental 1796 (Berlin 1959).
  • Anita Rudolf, Siegbert A. Warwitz: Playing - rediscovered. Basics-suggestions-help. Freiburg 1982, ISBN 3-451-07952-6 .
  • Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: From the sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas. 4th edition, Baltmannsweiler 2016, ISBN 978-3-8340-1664-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: Whip circle games , In: Dies .: From the sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas. 4th edition, Baltmannsweiler 2016, pp. 115–118.
  2. ↑ Anita Rudolf, Siegbert A. Warwitz: Games of other times and other peoples , In: Dies .: Playing - newly discovered. Basics-suggestions-help . Freiburg 1982, pp. 117-118.
  3. ^ Alfons X. "the wise": The book of games. Translated and commented by Ulrich Schädler and Ricardo Calvo . Lit Verlag, Münster 2009.
  4. ↑ JA Comenius: "Ludes pueriles" 1658, In: SA Warwitz, A. Rudolf: Vom Sinn des Spielens. Reflections and game ideas . 4th edition, Baltmannsweiler 2016, p. 196.
  5. ^ Johann Bernhard Basedow's "Elementarwerk" with the copper plates by Chodowiecki, critical treatment in three volumes, edited by Theodor Fritzsch, third volume, Ernst Wiegand Verlagbuchhandlung Leipzig 1909, newer edition Olms, Hildesheim-New York 1972
  6. ↑ JCF Guts Muths: Games for the exercise and relaxation of the body and mind . Schnepfental 1796 (Berlin 1959).
  7. ^ Siegbert A. Warwitz, Anita Rudolf: Playing encounter earlier times - Historical games , In: This: From the sense of playing. Reflections and game ideas. 4th edition, Baltmannsweiler 2016, pp. 107–118.

Web links

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