Pneumococcal vaccine

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The articles pneumococcal vaccination and pneumococcal vaccine overlap thematically. Help me to better differentiate or merge the articles (→  instructions ) . To do this, take part in the relevant redundancy discussion . Please remove this module only after the redundancy has been completely processed and do not forget to include the relevant entry on the redundancy discussion page{{ Done | 1 = ~~~~}}to mark. Neutronstar2 ( discussion ) 17:10, 10 Mar. 2020 (CET)

A pneumococcal vaccine , or pneumococcus vaccine, is a vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae ( pneumococci ).

properties

Pneumococcal vaccines are available in either subunit vaccine or conjugate vaccine form:

  • The subunit vaccine contains the capsule antigens of 23 vaccine strains (PPSV23 or Pneumovax 23 ). It is directed against serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19F, 19A, 20, 22F, 23F and 33F.
  • The approved conjugate vaccines contain either the conjugated capsule antigens of ten ( Synflorix , vaccine strains 1, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F) or thirteen vaccine strains ( Prevenar 13 , vaccine strains 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F). These vaccines are characterized by the fact that they consist of capsule antigens ( polysaccharides from the bacterial cell wall ) from several vaccine strains, conjugated with the non-toxic variant of the diphtheria toxin CRM 197 from Corynebacterium diphtheriae (in Prevenar 13 ). The capsule antigens are each coupled to glycoconjugates by reductive amination with CRM 197 . At Synflorix , this happens analogously: There the capsule antigens are conjugated to a tetanus toxoid carrier protein (for serotype 18C), to a diphtheria toxoid carrier protein (for serotype 19F) or to protein D carrier protein of non- typable Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. In all cases the conjugate is absorbed on the aluminum phosphate adjuvant . The vaccine with seven vaccine strains (vaccine PCV7, Prevenar , vaccine strains 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F) has not been approved in Europe since 2017.

history

The first pneumococcal vaccine was a subunit vaccine, consisted of four capsular antigens and was developed and marketed by ER Squibb in 1945 , but was not widely used due to the simultaneous introduction of penicillin and was finally dropped in 1951. From the 1970s, a vaccine with capsule antigens from 14 vaccine strains was developed by Robert Austrian . This was marketed by MSD in 1977 . The variant with 23 vaccine strains was developed in 1983. The conjugate vaccines were approved from 2000: initially Prevenar since 2001 (until 2017) or its successor since 2009 Prevenar 13 ( Pfizer ), from 2009 Synflorix ( GSK ) . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany , there were delivery bottlenecks for various pneumococcal vaccines. Part of Pneumovax was introduced from Japan.

Trade names

Synflorix , Prevenar 13 , Pneumovax 23

literature

  • Shirin Tarahomjoo: Recent Approaches in Vaccine Development against Streptococcus pneumoniae. In: Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology. 24, 2014, p. 215, doi : 10.1159 / 000365052 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pneumovax 23. In: Paul Ehrlich Institute. Retrieved March 23, 2020 .
  2. ↑ S. Aliberti et al .: The role of vaccination in preventing pneumococcal disease in adults . In: Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases . 20 Suppl 5, May 2014, p. 52-58 , doi : 10.1111 / 1469-0691.12518 , PMID 24410778 , PMC 4473770 (free full text).
  3. ^ A b European public assessment report from Synflorix. In: EMA. November 30, 2018, accessed March 23, 2020 .
  4. ^ A b European public assessment report by Prevenar 13. In: EMA. December 11, 2019, accessed March 23, 2020 .
  5. ↑ a b Ulrich Heininger and Mark Peter Gerard van der Linden: Pneumococci . In: Heinz Spiess, Ulrich Heininger, Wolfgang Jilg (Eds.): Impfkompendium . 8th edition. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2015, ISBN 978-3-13-498908-3 , p. 242 , doi : 10.1055 / b-0035-127594 .
  6. ^ European public assessment report by Prevenar. In: EMA. November 24, 2017, accessed November 30, 2018 .
  7. ^ A b c Jerome O. Klein and Stanley A. Plotkin: Robert Austrian: 1917–2007 . In: Clinical Infectious Diseases . tape 45 , no. 1 , July 1, 2007, p. 2-3 , doi : 10.1086 / 520068 .
  8. ↑ Colin M. MacLeod et al .: Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by immunization with specific capsular polysaccharides . In: The Journal of Experimental Medicine . tape 82 , no. 6 , November 30, 1945, p. 445-465 , PMID 19871511 , PMC 2135567 (free full text).
  9. ^ Robert Austrian et al .: Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by vaccination . In: Transactions of the Association of American Physicians . tape 89 , 1976, p. 184-194 , PMID 14433 .
  10. ↑ Nam-Hee Kim et al .: Immunogenicity and safety of pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine (diphtheria CRM (197) protein conjugate; Prevenar) in Korean infants: differences that are found in Asian children . In: Vaccine . tape 25 , no. 45 , November 7, 2007, pp. 7858-7865 , doi : 10.1016 / j.vaccine.2007.08.022 , PMID 17931753 .
  11. ↑ https://www.deutsche-apotheker-zeitung.de/news/artikel/2020/04/02/pneumovax-23-nachschub-aus-japan