Direct connection
A direct connection in information and communication technology (ICT) is a direct, immediate connection between two points or locations. The synonymous technical term Point-to-Point [-Connection] comes from English - in German : Point-to-Point [ connection ] (abbreviation PP or PTP ). The expression “ from A to B ” is also used colloquially (see A and B participants ).
Topologically , a distinction is made between:
- Point -to-Point in the real sense - that is, the connection route without any intermediate station. B. the communication in the lower network layers = layers 1–3 in the OSI model (→ 7-layer model ); Example: (direct) communication between computer and peripheral device ] → corresponds to unicast as addressing type ;
- End-to-end ( end -to-end ) or multihop - a PTP path with intermediate stations [on the higher network layers = layers 4–7 in the OSI model; Example: Internet , LAN with router ] → also corresponds to unicast ; and
- Point-to-Multipoint ( point-to-multipoint ), abbreviation PTMP - a star topology [ eg: television ] → corresponds to multicast / broadcast or downlink .
Depending on whether there are higher-level instances in the way of establishing a direct connection between two participants , one speaks either
- from the peer-to-peer model (P2P) - without such an instance - or else
- from the client-server model with such an instance.
Typical application examples:
- In communication technology , it is a connection that also occurs on the telephone . If two people are on the phone, it is a direct connection. During the call, one line in the network is reserved only for the two call partners (→ line switching ).
- With ISDN , a distinction is made between PTP and PTMP. When testing an ISDN connection, depending on the type of connection, you must always switch between PTMP (for a basic connection ) and PTP (for systems or primary rate connection ) in the test device .
- The tunnels , a method, direct build within other connection systems.
literature
- Klaus Dembowski: Local Networks. Handbook of complete network technology, Addison-Wesley Verlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8273-2573-0 .
- Stefan Blumhagel, Thomas Joos: Networks - secret tricks. Markt + Technik Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-8272-6803-6 .
Web links
- Direct PC connection Windows XP - Windows 95/98 (accessed on August 11, 2017)
- How can the Ethernet interface be used or tested independently of a network through a direct connection to a PC or notebook? (accessed on August 11, 2017)