Political parties of Tibet

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Political parties of Tibet exist on the one hand in the period after the outbreak of the Second World War and on the other hand after the Chinese occupation of Tibet as exile or underground organizations. The term “political party” (Tibetan: ཚོགས་ པ །, Wylie: tshogs pa) has been used in the Tibetan language since the 20th century.

Entrance of the parliament building of the Tibetan government-in-exile in Dharamsala

history

The geopolitical pressure to modernize that had been weighing on Tibet, which had been virtually independent since 1912, resulted in a reorientation in parts of the population, which led to the founding of two parties. In 1939, the wealthy wool merchant Pandatsang Rapga founded the West Tibetan Progressive Party (Tibetan: ནུབ་ ལེགས་ བཅོས་ སྐྱིད་ སྡུག, Wylie: nub bod legs bcos skyid sdug) based on the model of the Chinese Kuomintang . His party grew to several thousand members, but was persecuted by the Tibetan government. The Communist Revolutionary Party of the Tibetan Snow Country, which is related to the Comintern (Tibetan: ཕུག ངས་ ལྗོངས་ བོད་ རིགས་ གུང་ བྲན་ རིང་ ལུགས་ གསར་ བརྗེ་ ཚོགས་ ཆུང་, Wylie: gangs ljongs bod rigs gung bran ring lugs gsar brje tshogs chung) was founded in 1943 by the young communist Phuntsok Wangyal Goranangpa. In 1949 the party merged with the Chinese Communist Party .

exile

With the loss of the de facto statehood of Tibet after the occupation by the Chinese “ People's Liberation Army ” and the suppression of the Tibetan uprising in Lhasa in 1959 , the Tibetan community in exile in Dharamsala in northern India was initially concerned with the consequences of fleeing and the establishment of a government in exile, before a parliament in exile was established in 1960 and the administration in exile was gradually democratized. With the blessing of the Dalai Lama , young Tibetans founded a short-lived Communist Party of Tibet in 1979 (Tibetan: ཕུན་ ཚོགས་ དབང་ རྒྱལ, Wylie: phun tshogs dbang rgyal). In 1994 the Democratic Party of All Tibet and the National Democratic Party of Tibet was founded (Tibetan: བོད་ ཀྱི་ རྒྱལ་ ཡོངས་ མང་ གཙོ་ ཚོགས་ པ །, Wylie: bod kyi rgyal yongs mang gtso tshogs pa), which now has 5000 members worldwide has and provides the parliamentary majority. Other parties are the liberal Tibetan People's Party founded in 2011 (Tibetan: བོད་ ཀྱི་ མི མང་ ཆབ སྲིད་ ཚོགས་ པ །, Wylie: bod kyi mi mang chab srid tshogs pa) and the National Independence Congress of Tibet, founded in 2013 (Tibetan: བོད་ རྒྱལ་ ཡོངས་ རང་ བཙན་ ལྷན་ ཚོགས, Wylie: bod-rgyal-yongs-rang-btsan-lhan-tshogs).

literature

  • Goldstein, Melvyn C .: A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State . University of California Press, Berkeley - Los Angeles - London, 1989.
  • Goldstein, Melvyn C .: English-Tibetan Dictionary of Modern Tibetan . 2nd ed., Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works & Archives, Dharamsala 1999
  • Weyrauch, Thomas: The party landscape of East Asia . Longtai, Heuchelheim 2018, ISBN 978-3-938946-27-5
  • Weyrauch, Thomas: Political Lexicon East Asia . Longtai, Heuchelheim 2019, ISBN 978-3-938946-28-2

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Goldstein, English-Tibetan Dictionary of Modern Tibetan, p. 223.
  2. ^ Goldstein, A History of Modern Tibet, pp. 450 ff .; Weyrauch, The Party Landscape of East Asia, p. 272 ​​f .; Weyrauch, Politisches Lexikon Ostasien, pp. 60, 154.
  3. ^ Weyrauch, The Party Landscape of East Asia, pp. 273–276; Weyrauch, Political Lexicon East Asia, p. 16 f.