Poppa of Bayeux

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Statue of Poppa, Bayeux

Poppa von Bayeux (written in the sources Popa ) was the wife or frilla ( More danico ) of the Normans Rollo (* probably 846, † 931).

progeny

Poppa and Rollo had at least two children:

  • Wilhelm Long Sword (* 900/905, † murdered December 17, 942), Count of Rouen
  • Gerloc , who was baptized in the name Adele († after 969)

origin

Poppa's origin is not certain, as there are three traditions that were already known in the 11th century to contradict each other:

  • The statement about Poppa (or the here nameless mother of Wilhelm Langschwert), which is closest to the events, comes from the 10th century and a lament for the death of Wilhelm, according to which he was on the other side of the sea ("transmarinus") as a child of a (then still) pagan father and Christian mother. On this basis, the historian Jean Renaud takes the view that Poppa was a concubine Rollos who came from the Hebrides as a shepherdess .
  • The Chronico Rotomagensi and the Annales Rotomagensi (11th century) was next Poppa the daughter of Count Guido (Gui, Wido) of Senlis and sister married the Count Bernard of Senlis, the blind after the death of his wife Gisla in 913, their son is Wilhelm long sword. In this tradition Bayeux does not appear as Poppa's place of origin.
  • This is only found in the third tradition. Dudo von Saint-Quentin , the first chronicler of Normandy, reports in his De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum , written from 1015-1026 , that Rollo Poppa married Count Berengar's daughter and that Wilhelm was their child, but also, that Bernhard von Senlis was the brother of Wilhelm Langschwert's mother, a combination that is not possible since Bernhard von Senlis is not Berengar's son.

Dudo von Saint-Quentin received his information largely - as he himself writes - as an oral report from Raoul d'Ivry , Count of Bayeux and, through their common mother Sprota, a half-brother of Rollo's grandson Richard I. Dudo's reports are known to be flawed therefore generally seen by some researchers as not very reliable and up to Rollos settled down in Normandy, i.e. until 911, rejected as a fantasy, which would also affect the history of Poppa "von Bayeux" from the 880s.

The later chroniclers Wilhelm von Jumièges († after 1070), Ordericus Vitalis († 1142) and Wace († after 1174) rely on Dudo, but differ in details in some cases. According to Wilhelm von Jumièges, Poppa was the daughter of a nobleman named Berengar and was kidnapped by Rollo during the conquest of Bayeux , who then connected with her "in the manner of the Danes" ("More danico"), with one of his descendants besides Wilhelm Daughter Gerloc mentioned. Ordericus Vitalis reports that Rollo conquered Bayeux, killed Berengar's count and kidnapped Berengar's wife and daughter Poppa; elsewhere he dates the conquest of Bayeux to the year 886 and mentions that Rollo married Poppa.

The contradictions in the three traditions were already apparent in the 11th century.

  • Wilhelm von Jumièges reports (in view of the robbery of Poppa in 886 and the report of Rollo's widowhood and marriage to Poppa in 913) that Rollo rejected Poppa, but later married a second time.
  • Robert von Torigni combines the information to the effect that Poppa was the daughter of Berengar von Bayeux and granddaughter Guis von Senlis.

In current research, too, there are numerous attempts to get the contradictions under control by interpreting the information.

  • Bernhard von Senlis was not the brother but the brother-in-law of Berengar, d. H. the husband of an aunt on Wilhelm's mother's side - an extension of the term “avunculus” to the uncle by marriage.
  • Dudo von Saint-Quentin confused Poppa with Sprota, Wilhelm's concubine, who actually comes from Brittany.
  • Berengar's widow married Count Guido von Senlis, whose step-daughter Poppa became. As a half-brother of the mother, Bernhard von Senlis would be the "half-uncle" on Wilhelm's mother's side.
  • Dudo's report (and that of his successors) was to be rejected, the lament the chronicles from Rouen, on the other hand, reflected the actual events: around 905 Rollo became Wilhelm's father, the mother might have been called Popa, daughter of Count Guido von Senlis and sister of the Count Bernhard von Senlis (which means that a wife Gisla is also rejected).

swell

  • Gaston Paris , Jules Lair: Complainte sur l'assassinat de Guillaume Longue-Epée, duc de Normandie, poème inédit du Xe siècle, Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes, Volume 31, No. 31 (1870), pp. 389-406 on-line
  • François Guizot (Hg): Histoire des ducs de Normandie, par Guillaume de Jumiège (1826)
  • Elisabeth MC Van Houts (transl. And ed.): The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni (1995)
  • Marjorie Chibnall (ed.): The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, Volume II (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969–80)
  • Dom Martin Bouquet : Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France IX (1752), new edition by Léopold Delisle 1874:
    • 886 - Ordericus Vitalis (p. 11)
    • 913 - Chronico Rotomagensi (p. 88)
  • Léopold Delisle (ed.): Chronique de Robert de Torigni, abbé de Mont-Saint-Michel (1872) online
  • Dudo of Saint-Quentin: De gestis Normanniæ ducum seu de moribus et actis primorum Normanniæ ducum, ed. by Jules Lair, Mémoires de la Sociéte des antiquaires de Normandie XXIII (1865) online

literature

  • Pierre Bauduin : Des raids scandinaves à l'établissement de la principauté de Rouen, in: Elisabeth Deniaux, Claude Lorren, Pierre Bauduin, Thomas Jarry: La Normandie avant les Normands, de la conquête romaine à l'arrivée des Vikings, Rennes, Éditions Ouest-France Université, (2002), ISBN 2-7373-1117-9 ).
  • Joseph Dépoin: Les compagnes de Rollon, in: La Société historique du Vexin et le millénaire normand (1911), pp. 19-48
  • David C. Douglas: Rollo of Normandy, in: The English historical review 57 (1942), pp. 417-436
  • Katharine Keats-Rohan : Poppa de Bayeux et sa famille, in: Onomastique et Parenté dans l'Occident médiéval, Oxford, Prosopographica et genealogica (2000) 310 pp., ISBN 1-900934-01-9 , pp. 140-153
  • René Merlet, Origine de la famille des Bérenger comtes de Rennes et ducs de Bretagne (1925) pp. 549-561
  • Henri Prentout: Étude critique sur Dudon de Saint-Quentin et son histoire des premiers ducs normands (1916)
  • Jean Renaud, Sigrid Renaud: Rollon, chef viking, Éditions Ouest-France Université (2006), ISBN 978-2-7373-3592-1
  • Detlev Schwennicke: European Family Tables , Volume II (1984), Plate 79
  • Christian Settipani : La préhistoire des Capétiens, 1st part: Mérovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens (1993), pp. 218-219

Web link

Poppa of Bayeux at Medieval Lands

Remarks

  1. ↑ Schwennicke
  2. ↑ Schwenicke: * probably 900, Settipani: * only around 905
  3. ↑ "Hic in orbe transmarino natus patre / In errore paganorum permanente / Matre quoque consignata alma fide / Sacra fuit lotus unda" (Paris / Lair, p. 5)
  4. ↑ Prentout sees her as an Englishwoman (pp. 177–179)
  5. ^ "Mortua est Gilla, absque omni prole, et role duxit Popam uxorem, filiam Widonis comitis Silvanectensis, sororem Bernardi de qua genuit Wilhelmum", Annales Rotomagensi (in Depoin, p. 44), and "mortua a Gisla, accepit Rollo propriam uxorem filiam comitis Silvanectensis Widonis “, Chronico Rotomagensi 913, RHGF IX., p. 88
  6. ↑ II.16: “Transacto vero anno, circumstante Parisius obsidione, Rollo Baiocas petit, eamque violenter cepit, totamque funditus subvertit, captivosque et prædam totius regionis sibi vindicavit. Quin etiam quamdam Popam virginem, specie decoram, superbo sanguine concretam, prævalentis principis Berengarii filiam, secum lætus adduxit eamque sibi connubio ascivit, et ex ea filium nomine Willelmum genuit. "
  7. ↑ III.45: "ad Bernardum Silvanectensem, meum avunculum "
  8. ^ Settipani, p. 219
  9. ↑ Merlet, pp. 556-557
  10. ^ Prentout and Douglas, p. 424, no. 5, and p. 435
  11. ^ Wilhelm von Jumièges, Gesta Normannorum Ducum II.12 (after Lair, De gestis Normanniæ, p. 157, footnote b): "Exploratores superveniunt, nuntiautes Baiocacensem urbem a defensoribus vacuam esse et absque detrimento cujuslibet victoris sacillime capi. Illico, avulsis ab obsidione navibus [Rollo], Baiocassium velivolo venit cursu. Quam captam aliquatenus subvertit, habitatoribus ejus interfectis. In qua nobilissimam quamdam puellam, nomine Popam, filiam scilicet Berengarii, illustris vir, capiens, non multo post, more danico, sibi copulavit, ex qua Willelmum genuit filiamque nomine Gerloc valde decoram. Ea sic urbe demolita Rollo concite Lutetiam regreditur. "
  12. ↑ Ordericus Vitalis, Volume II, Book III, p. 7
  13. ↑ Ordericus Vitalis I 886, RHGF IX, p. 11
  14. ↑ William of Jumièges II.22
  15. ↑ “912 Baptizatus est Rollo dux Northmannorum… et Rollonem, deditque ei Karolus filiam suam nomine Gislam: qua mortua sine filiis, Rollo accepit Popam, prius repudiatam uxorem, de qua genuerat Willermum Longam Spatam et Gerloch filiamis, scilicet berengariemi vero Widonis comitis Silvanectensis. "(Delisle, p. 14/15, a similar statement can be found for the year 876 (p. 13), but is obviously related to the year 912 (" Rollo autem dux ... "))
  16. ↑ Merlet, p. 557, footnote 2
  17. ↑ Depoin, pp. 47-48, and Douglas
  18. ↑ Charles Cawley at Medieval Lands (see web link)
  19. ↑ s. Settipani p. 219, footnote 205
personal data
SURNAME Poppa of Bayeux
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Wife of the Viking Rollo
DATE OF BIRTH 9th century
DATE OF DEATH 10th century