Potamotrygon
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Pfauenaugen stingray ( Potamotrygon motoro ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Potamotrygon | ||||||||||||
| Garman , 1877 |
Potamotrygon is a genus of freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae), whose representatives live exclusively in South American rivers such as the Amazon or the Río Paraná . They are the subject of current research. Currently (as of August 2019) 31 species are known, several of which were only described in the 2010s. The genus is named after Trygon , the Greek name for a stingray species in the Mediterranean, and the Greek potamos for "river".
features
Potamotrygon species have medium-strength tails that are usually shorter than the body disc. The well-developed spines sit a little way from the base of the tail and have longitudinal grooves through which venom is passed from glands at the base. The spines are reproduced regularly, up to four can be present at the same time. Dorsal and caudal fins are absent, but the tail shows membrane-like skin flaps with rudimentary rays behind the spines on the upper and lower sides. The eyes are medium in size.
They vary in size and weight, so Potamotrygon brachyura is almost a meter long and weighs about 200 kg, Potamotrygon motoro is also up to a meter long, but weighs only about 15 kg and Potamotrygon ocellata is only 20 centimeters long.
It has been shown in various species of the genus that freshwater rays have the ability to learn socially and can also use water as a “ tool ” to solve problems.
Systematics
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Genus Potamotrygon Müller & Henle, 1841
- Potamotrygon adamastor Fontenelle & Carvalho, 2017
- Potamotrygon albimaculata Carvalho, 2016
- Potamotrygon amazona Fontenelle & Carvalho, 2017
- Potamotrygon amandae Loboda & de Carvalho, 2013
- Potamotrygon boesemani Rosa, de Carvalho & de Almeida Wanderley, 2008
- Potamotrygon brachyura (Günther, 1880)
- Potamotrygon constellata (Vaillant, 1880)
- Potamotrygon falkneri Castex & Maciel, 1963
- Potamotrygon garmani Fontenelle & Carvalho, 2017
- Potamotrygon henlei (Castelnau, 1855)
- Potamotrygon humerosa Garman 1913
- Potamotrygon jabuti Carvalho, 2016
- Potamotrygon hystrix (Müller & Henle, 1841)
- Potamotrygon leopoldi Castex & Castello, 1970
- Potamotrygon limai Fontenelle et al., 2014
- Potamotrygon magdalenae (Duméril, 1865)
- Potamotrygon marinae Deynat, 2006
- Potamotrygon marquesi Silva & Loboda, 2019
- Peacock-eye stingray ( Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841) )
- Potamotrygon ocellata (Engelhardt, 1912)
- Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855)
- Potamotrygon pantanensis Loboda & de Carvalho, 2013
- Potamotrygon rex Carvalho, 2016
- Potamotrygon schroederi Fernández-Yépez, 1958
- Potamotrygon schuhmacheri Castex, 1964
- Potamotrygon scobina Garman, 1913
- Potamotrygon signata Garman, 1913
- Potamotrygon tatanae Silve and Carvalho 2011
- Potamotrygon tigrina Carvalho, Sabaj Perez & Lovejoy 2011
- Potamotrygon wallacei Carvalho et al., 2016
- Potamotrygon yepezi Castex & Castello, 1970
literature
- Frank Schäfer: Potamotrygon. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , p. 804 f.
proof
- ^ Roberto E. Reis, Sven O. Kullander, Carl J. Ferraris: Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America . EDIPUCRS, 2003, ISBN 978-85-7430-361-1 , pp. 22 .
- ↑ a b Potamotrygon on Fishbase.org (English)
- ↑ Michael J. Kuba, Ruth A. Byrne and Gordon M. Burghardt: A new method for studying problem solving and tool use in stingrays (Potamotrygon castexi). In: Animal Cognition. Volume 13, No. 3, 2010, pp. 507-513, doi: 10.1007 / s10071-009-0301-5
- ↑ Tobias Möser: Cleverly copied. Proven social learning in freshwater rays. Deutschlandfunk, May 28, 2013. Accessed May 28, 2013.
Web links
- Potamotrygon on Fishbase.org (English)
- www.potamotrygon.de
- potamotrygon.eu