Psalidodon
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Psalidodon fasciatus |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Psalidodon | ||||||||||||
| Eigenmann , 1911 |
Psalidodon is a genus of freshwater fish from the family of the true tetras (Characidae) that occurs in South America. The genus was introduced in 1911 by the German-American ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann with P. gymnodontus as the only species. Pavanelli and Oliveira synonymized Psalidodon with Astyanax in 2009. In April 2020, Psalidodon was revalidated and more than 30 species that previously belonged to the polyphyletic genus Astyanax wereassigned to Psalidodon .
features
From other genera of the subfamily Stethaprioninae differs Psalidodon (some tetras a special cranial bone) The Rhinosphenoid does not have a rearwardly directed projection which extends between the olfactory nerves: inter alia, by a combination of the following features. With the exception of P. erythropterus and P. pelegrini, there are no circles (concentric growth rings) in the rear area of the scales. There are 0 to 3 teeth on the maxillary , in most cases one. The teeth on the maxillary and the teeth of the outer row of teeth on the premaxillary have five or more points. The attachment of the anal fin lies in front of a vertical line through the last ray of the dorsal fin. The caudal fin is scaly. In addition, the monophyly of the genus is supported by 4 molecular synapomorphies .
species
To Psalidodon include 32 species:
- Psalidodon anisitsi (Eigenmann, 1907)
- Psalidodon bifasciatus (Garavello & Sampaio, 2010)
- Psalidodon bockmanni (Vari & Castro, 2007)
- Psalidodon chico (Casciotta & Almirón, 2004)
- Psalidodon correntinus (Holmberg, 1891)
- Psalidodon dissensus (Lucena et al., 2013)
- Psalidodon eigenmanniorum (Cope, 1894)
- Psalidodon endy (Mirande et al., 2006)
- Psalidodon erythropterus (Holmberg, 1891)
- Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819)
- Psalidodon gymnodontus (Eigenmann, 1911), type species
- Psalidodon gymnogenys Eigenmann, 1911
- Psalidodon hermosus (Miquelarena, Protogino & López, 2005)
- Psalidodon ita (Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta, 2002)
- Psalidodon jequitinhonhae (Steindachner, 1877)
- Psalidodon leonidas (Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón, 2002)
- Psalidodon marionae (Eigenmann, 1911)
- Psalidodon ojiara (Azpelicueta & Garcia, 2000)
- Psalidodon pampa (Casciotta et al., 2005)
- Psalidodon parahybae (Eigenmann, 1908)
- Psalidodon paranae (Eigenmann, 1914)
- Psalidodon pelegrini (Eigenmann in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward, 1907)
- Psalidodon powelli (Terán et al., 2017)
- Psalidodon puka (Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta, 2007)
- Psalidodon pynandi (Casciotta, Almirón, Bechara, Roux, & Ruiz Diaz, 2003)
- Psalidodon rivularis (Lütken, 1875)
- Psalidodon rutilus (Jenyns, 1842)
- Psalidodon schubarti (Britski, 1964)
- Psalidodon troya (Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón, 2002)
- Psalidodon tumbayaensis (Miquelarena & Menni, 2005)
- Psalidodon xavante (Garutti & Venere, 2009)
- Psalidodon xiru (Lucena et al., 2013)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Terán, GE, Benitez, MF & Mirande, JM (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax , two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: zlaa019. April 2020. doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlaa019