Astyanax (genus)

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Astyanax
Astyanax mexicanus, below the normal form, above the blind and pigmentless cave form known as the blind cave tetra.

Astyanax mexicanus , below the normal form, above the blind and pigmentless cave form known as the blind cave tetra.

Systematics
Cohort : Otomorpha
Sub-cohort : Ostariophysi
Otophysa
Order : Tetras (Characiformes)
Family : True tetras (Characidae)
Genre : Astyanax
Scientific name
Astyanax
Baird & Girard , 1854

Astyanax ( Syn .: Bramocharax ) is a species of freshwater fish from the family of the true tetras (Characidae). Astyanax species occur from temperate South America ( Patagonia ) through Central America to southern North America ( Arizona , New Mexico ). The genus was named after Astyanax , the son of the Trojan king's son Hector and his wife Andromache . The blind cave tetra belongs to the genus, a freshwater ornamental fish that is often sold as a curiosity.

features

Astyanax species are 4.3 to 22 centimeters long and have an elongated, laterally strongly flattened shape. A characteristic of the genus is the lower jaw dentition, which always consists of 4 to 5 large, multi-pointed teeth in the front and 5 to 10 very small teeth on the sides. The premaxillary has two rows of teeth, five teeth are in the second. Astyanax species have round scales . The lateral line is complete, the anal fin of medium length, the caudal fin deeply forked. An adipose fin is present. The color is mostly silvery. Often there is a dark spot on the shoulder, a dark greenish longitudinal band or a dark spot on the tail fin stalk. The fins are usually yellowish or reddish and have white tips. Females are larger than males and, especially at spawning time, can be easily distinguished from the leaner males by their fuller body.

Astyanax species are omnivorous and very adaptable in terms of temperature and water quality.

External system

Astyanax is assigned to the subfamily Stethaprioninae and belongs there to the tribe Gymnocharacini.

species

According to the Fishbase database , Astyanax had 160 species in early 2020. In this composition, however , Astyanax was not a monophyletic genus. In a revision of the genus published in April 2020, numerous species were therefore separated from Astyanax and assigned to the genera Deuterodon , Eretmobrycon , Jupiaba , Tetragonopterus or Zygogaster and placed in the newly introduced or revalidated genera Andromakhe , Makunaima or Psalidodon . Remaining in Astyanax :

Astyanax lacustris
Astyanax magdalenae
Astyanax powelli

'Astyanax' lineatus clade

literature

  • Günther Sterba : The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 .
  • Günther Sterba (Ed.), Gert Brückner: Encyclopedia of Aquaristics and Special Ichthyology. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen u. a. 1978, ISBN 3-7888-0252-9 .
  • Axel Zarske: Astyanax. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Ed.) The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , p. 104 f.
  • Juan J. Schmitter-Soto, (2016): A phylogeny of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America. Zootaxa , 4109 (2): 101-130. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4109.2.1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Terán, GE, Benitez, MF & Mirande, JM (2020): Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax , two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: zlaa019. April 2020. doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlaa019
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Schmitter-Soto, JJ (2017): A revision of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America, with the description of nine new species. Journal of Natural History, [1-94] July 2017.

Web links

Commons : Astyanax  - collection of images, videos and audio files