Psychagogics

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Psychagogics (Greek: psyche "soul", "breath", "life"; agogós "leading"; Ψυχαγωγία Psychagogia ) is a profession that emerged from psychoanalysis and practiced almost exclusively by educators with a training analysis . Anna Freud and Melanie Klein are considered the founders of psychagogics or analytical child and adolescent psychotherapy .

At the same time, the term psychagogics denotes a multitude of pedagogical-therapeutic procedures for the prevention and relief of behavioral disorders, emotional conflicts, difficult phases of development, etc. The procedures include counseling, group discussions, relaxation exercises, breathing exercises, logotherapy, autogenic training or meditations.

Psychagogics intends spiritual guidance; it is an advisory and supportive form of treatment in the sense of depth psychologically oriented measures. Psychagogics combines knowledge from pedagogy, depth psychology and psychotherapy and enables supervision and support especially for children and adolescents (also known as child analysis ).

The profession of child and adolescent psychotherapist later emerged from the profession of psychagogue .

History - explanation of terms

The term “psychagogics” - used in this sense - is first mentioned in the “Textbook of Psychology” from 1875 (W. Volkmann). Changing meanings are:

  • Psychagogics as psychotherapeutic guidance
    • in the sense of a pedagogy based on psychoanalytic principles (G. Wanke)
    • as psychotherapeutic education ( Arthur Kronfeld )
    • as an art of education sui generis (A. Maeder)
  • Psychagogics as a special medical technique
    • in the sense of a psychagogical method of personality development such as autogenic training, persuasion methodology (persuasion), work therapy, etc. ( Ernst Kretschmer )
    • as a rational waking psychotherapy in contrast to the hypnosis technique ( Johannes Heinrich Schultz )
    • as a systematic change of attitude towards oneself through self-criticism and reorganization of the environmental relationship (W. Neutra)
  • Psychagogics as adult education
    • People's psychagogics as an educational, educational and coexistence guiding activity ( Moritz Tramer )
    • as andragogy (H. Hanselmann)
  • Psychagogics as educational support
    • in the sense of a re-education of emotionally badly developed children and adolescents ( Felix Boehm , W. Schraml)

In ancient Greece, the term psychagogues was understood to mean the "shadow leaders"; H. Necromancers who made human sacrifices to question the spirits of those killed before they even descended into the underworld.

tasks

Psychagogics is to be understood as a methodology; it combines overarching tasks:

  • Individual help with emotional conflicts and bad posture (neglect, neurosis prophylaxis)
  • Leadership in the community; social integration
  • Promotion of personality maturation by overcoming inhibitions and releasing fixations on people or situations
  • Gaining new life content and attitudes towards life

Phases of psychagogical practice

  1. Presentation of the psychological situation (anamnesis / exploration / clarification)
  2. Establishing trust between the interlocutors
  3. Release of fixations, inhibitions or wrong views
  4. Gaining a new self-image
  5. Gain experience in community and society

Methods

A variety of methods are available to psychagogics. The term “therapy” has become common in the sense of psychological treatment; it is not to be confused with medical psychotherapy.

  • Talk therapy
  • Group therapy
  • Milieu therapy
  • Play therapy
  • Exercise therapy

From psychagogue to analytical child and adolescent psychotherapist

In the course of professionalization, the professional training of psychagogues was modernized. The Association of German Psychagogues eV was founded in 1953 and in 1975 the Association of German Psychagogues became the Association of Analytical Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists in Germany eV The Association of Analytical Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists in Germany (VAKJP) is the largest professional association for children's and adolescent psychotherapists in Germany.

Training of analytical child and adolescent psychotherapists

Training as an analytical child and adolescent psychotherapist meets the basic requirements of the Standing Conference of Training Centers for Analytical Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists in the Federal Republic of Germany (Stäko) and enables membership in the Association of Analytical Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists (VaKJP). For non-medical training participants, this training takes place in accordance with the Psychotherapists Act (PsychThG) and the local training and examination regulations (KJPsychTh APrV).

pay

Child and adolescent psychotherapists and psychagogues belong to the collective designation of social and educational services (SuE). Local employers often pay psychagogues according to the TVöD -SuE. Private providers can freely choose a payment model. More about payment in the SuE can be found in the article Social and Educational Service # Payment . In TVöD-SuE, child and adolescent psychotherapists or psychagogues are grouped in salary group S 17. The starting salary is 3,102.56 euros (as of March 1, 2015).

See also

literature

  • Arthur Kronfeld: " Psychotherapy - character theory, psychoanalysis, hypnosis, psychagogics ". 2nd Edition. Springer, Berlin 1925 (see especially pp. 274-297).
  • Association of Analytical Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists (ed.): Therapeutic process and treatment technique in children and adolescents. Selected essays from four decades and contributions to history . Brandes & Apsel, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN ....

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Meyer
  2. ^ Arnd Krüger : History of movement therapy, in: Preventive medicine . Springer, Heidelberg Loseblatt Collection 1999, 07.06, pp. 1–22.
  3. ^ Collective agreement for the public service (TVöD). (PDF; 357 kB) Special section on administration - (BT-V). In: http://www.bmi.bund.de . September 13, 2005, accessed August 31, 2015 .

Web links