Psychoneurosis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Psychoneurosis is a conception determined etiologically by Sigmund Freud from 1894 onwards , which developed into a collective term for psychogenetically triggered neuroses . Unconscious conflicts in early childhood are the trigger . The concept gained importance for the psychoanalytic illness systematics . With this, Freud turned to the contemporary scientists who saw the concept of neurosis, coined by William Cullen in 1776, in the literal sense as neuropathy , i.e. as organic or hereditary-constitutional anchored, and reported his doubts about this. The term “constitution” gained more and more importance from around 1850 with the natural sciences gaining influence in medicine , as did the notion of degeneration . Psychoneurosis thus represents a counter-term for the somatogenetically caused nervous diseases. In 1894 Freud called this group of neurotically caused diseases "neuropsychoses", whereby the emphasis should not be reduced to a neurologically descriptive nosology , but rather - according to Freud - to unconscious psychological ones Defense processes . The term defense neurosis is therefore synonymous with psychoneurosis . It was only in his 1898 paper on the aetiology of neuroses that Freud used the term psychoneurosis . CG Jung also used the term infantile neurosis as a synonymous term for psychoneurosis .

Systematics

Freud counted among the psychoneuroses:

He attributed the triggering of these neuroses to early childhood, non-current and thus unconscious conflicts and psychological trauma. He distinguished the actual neuroses from these triggering etiological factors . A later distinction made by Freud is the delimitation of the narcissistic neuroses from the transference neuroses , but does not refer to the separation between psychoneuroses and actual neuroses.

History of Psychiatry

In 1893, one year before Freud, Paul Julius Möbius (1853–1907) published his classification of endogenous nerve diseases . With his concept of psychoneurosis, Freud contradicts this concept of endogenous psychoses, which later became common in classical German psychiatry . This is one reason for the rejection of psychoanalysis that still exists in Germany today. Freud often referred to Möbius in his early writings. He also wrote a special paper on the question of the hereditary nature of nervous diseases, which he dedicated to the school of his teacher Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893). The expression psychoneurosis is the beginning of the re- psychiatization of a concept of diseases originally conceived as a scientific-neurological concept. Cullen's concept was intended to free the neurotically ill from the stigma of moralizing by showing this type of illness as biologically tangible. Freud's concept, however, aimed at the peristatic influences in psychiatry.

Use of the term

Krafft-Ebing

Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840–1902) used the psychoneurosis as an antithesis to psychological degeneration : “For the psychological disorders that afflict individuals with robust brains, the designation of the psychoneuroses may be used for those who develop on the basis of a stressful brain Expression of psychological degeneracy apply. "

Dubois

Paul Dubois (1848–1918) developed a theory about the psychogenesis of many mental disorders at about the same time as Freud . He therefore also used the term psychoneurosis to refer to the psychogenic causes of the neurosis. He used it specifically, however, to point out how it was differentiated from the older term neurosis, which included numerous organic disorders, so u. a. the epilepsy . see. Organ neurosis .

Freud

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) used the term in 1898 in his essay on the topic “Sexuality in the Etiology of Neuroses” to differentiate it from neurasthenia . In the case of neurasthenias, the investigation had the immediate success of "uncovering the etiological moments from sexual life". Those affected are aware of the traumatizing moments because they were currently being experienced. In the case of the psychoneuroses, this moment can only be determined in a roundabout way, which is connected with the fact that the ascertainment of the prehistory is subject to early childhood repression. The etiological moment of sexuality applies, however, to the triggering of neuroses as well as to neurasthenias. In the neurasthenia there is an actual neurosis , in the psychoneurosis the sexual etiology is infantile in nature. Psychoneurosis is therefore synonymous with neurosis only insofar as actual neuroses are excluded from the concept of neurosis.

criticism

The moralizing element of sexuality, advocated by the psychicists , was re-introduced into the discussion of the causation of neurosis in a criticizing manner through Freud's work on sexuality. Since the different meanings of the term are not always clearly distinguishable from each other in clinical usage, it is advisable to define what is meant in more detail each time the term is used.

Web links

Wikiversity: Somatogenesis and Psychogenesis in Psychiatric Science  - Course Materials

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Freud, Sigmund : The defense neuropsychoses . Collected Works Volume I, page 57
  2. ↑ a b c Freud, Sigmund: The sexuality in the etiology of the neuroses . (1898) In: Collected Works, Volume I, S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt / M 3 1953, ISBN 3-10-022703-4 ; Page 496 f.
  3. ↑ Jung, Carl Gustav : The archetypes and the collective unconscious. Collected Works. Walter-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1995, paperback, special edition, volume 9, 1st half volume, ISBN 3-530-40084-X , page 99, § 161
  4. ^ Bridegroom, Walter : reactions, neuroses, psychopathies . (1968) dtv Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart 2 1969; Page 75
  5. ↑ HR-2-Funkkolleg from November 1st, 2008: How the soul was discovered and then disappeared again. online ( Memento of the original dated February 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hr-online.de
  6. ^ Freud, Sigmund: Studies on Hysteria. Early writings on the theory of neuroses . Volume I; Pages 68, 318, 323
  7. ^ Freud, Sigmund: L'hérédité et l'étiologie des névroses . (1896) GW, Vol. I, page 405 ff.
  8. ↑ Krafft-Ebing, Richard von : Textbook of psychiatry on a clinical basis for practical doctors and students . 3rd edition, Stuttgart 1888, page 319.
  9. ↑ Freud Bibliography: The Sexuality in the Etiology of the Augsburger Neuroses
  10. ↑ Peters, Uwe Henrik : Lexicon of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology . Urban & Fischer, Munich 6 2007; ISBN 978-3-437-15061-6 ; see the lexicon articles "Psychoneurosis": page 436, 575, 667 and "Defense neurosis": page 4 f. (on-line)