Kronthal Spring Park

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Theodorus spring
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Spring park Kronthal, work of art
Theodorus spring
Water treading system

The Kronthal spring park is a landscape park with publicly accessible mineral springs in Kronberg im Taunus .

Kronthal Spring Park

The Kronthal Quellenpark is located in a valley between Kronberg and Mammolshain above the Schafhof. The valley is traversed by the Badbach and the Hollerbornbach, which unite to form the Sauerbornbach. It has a number of mineral springs that are believed to have healing properties. The oldest source is today's Theodorusquelle, which was dug before 1568 and was named in 1960 after the Worms doctor Theodorus Tabernaemontanus , who first described it in 1571.

Today's sources

source year depth content image
Fürstenberg spring 1978 42 Sodium Chloride Hydrogen Carbonate Acid
Fürstenberg spring
Nymph spring 1977 30th Iron-containing sodium chloride hydrogen carbonate sourling
Nymph spring
Wilhelmsquelle 1833 23.60 Sodium Chloride Hydrogen Carbonate Acid
Wilhelmsquelle
Theodorus spring 1568 Natruim-Chlorid-Hydrogencarbonat-Säuerling, officially recognized healing spring
Theodorus spring

In addition to the springs, the park also offers a water treading facility , a playground and a barbecue area.

history

Before 1818

The Kronthal was settled in prehistoric times. In 2004, as part of the renovation of the facility, the circular gondola was dug to a depth of 6.5 meters and the excavation was examined by Fritz Schummer. There were Neolithic stone blades, a Celtic socketed ax and shards of Roman amphorae and Roman coins, as well as fragments of drinking cups from the 13th to 16th centuries. The finds are now in the museum city history Kronberg at the Burg Kronberg issued.

The source was first mentioned on June 28, 1439. May 27, 1568 is generally mentioned as the first time. In 1571, the Artzney Doctor of Strasbourg, Gallus Etschenreutter, described the Kronenburger Sauerbrunn as a fountain that makes you want to eat, drives away the bladder stone and sore loins. In the bathroom, however, it heals external ailments of the skin . In 1618, the Sauerborn was taken at the instigation of the Königstein Oberamtmann Friedrich Fürstenberg.

Due to the clay deposits in the Sauerborntal, members of the well-known Ziegler family Sachs from Oberhöchstadt built a (roof) brick hut (on Mammolshain grounds) in the 17th century , which was probably operated until the early 19th century and was known as the Saxon brickworks , as well as a lime kiln. In Küster's time (see below) a few simple rooms were rented out as apartments . Two half-timbered buildings from the 18th century and a small shed have been preserved from the brickworks.

1818-1988

In 1818 the Sauerbrunnen was "discovered" by the Nassau medical officer and medical advisor Ferdinand Küster (1791-1854), who was transferred to Cronberg as Physicus in the same year. He recognized the healing properties of the springs and in 1821 organized the first forms of bathing and spa operations. From 1822 Küster built a spa house, which was replaced by a new building in 1835 (on the site of today's Kronthal Senior Citizens' Foundation). He received the concession for the spa business in 1826. After his death, his son Rudolph Küster (* 1816) took over the business.

Until 1833 the area around the sources was called Sauergrund, Sauerborn, Sauerthal, Sawerborn, Sawerbrunnen, Sauerborntal ; the area included the springs, the sheep farm, the brickworks and a brush factory built at the beginning of the 19th century. It was not until July 21, 1833, in the bath chronicle of Didaskalia (p. 204) that there was mention of a Kronthaler Hof , built the year before , at the front corner of the romantic little hill in Mamolshain (probably the "stone house" on Mammolshain ground).

During this time, the Kronthal became a regional excursion destination after the "Frankfurter Aktiengesellschaft for the establishment of a health resort" opened a second well and had a health resort built. The merchant G. Zimmermann took over the society house in 1859 for 28,000 guilders and expanded it into an elegant and modern house.

The merchant Johann Adam "Hermann" Osterrieth and his sister Maria Elisabeth arranged for the Kronthals to be redesigned into a spa park in the style of English landscaped gardens. The heiress Anna Maria Küster (1818-1893) sold the property to Ludwig Köpp in 1872, who built a fountain hall over the two springs, which stood until 1922. Köpp went bankrupt in 1874 and Kronthal was foreclosed. The contract was awarded Ernst von Eckard stone Prötzel (presumably a believer Köpp), the 1875 August Thiemann as director of Kronthaler began mineral sources. The commercial use of the springs began under Thiemann, and later owners and tenants - including The Wilhelm's Quelle Comp. Limited, a public company based in London.

In 1880 1.5 million clay jugs were filled, in 1888 already 4 million. It was exported under the name "Apollinis Brunnen, Bad Kronthal, Nassau" to the USA, South America and India.

The Kronthaler mineral water received several international prizes and awards around 1880.

On January 18, 1892, a mobile steam locomotive from Siemens & Halske with an attached generator was installed in Kronthal to supply the town of Kronberg with electricity. After a few years the team was moved to Bad Soden (on the site of today's Süwag) and served there as a reserve.

In 1898, Eckardstein's heirs sold the entire Kronthal, without the Wilhelmsquelle remaining in municipal ownership, to the "Cronthal Company Limited, London" . However, this society did not last very long. Kronthal came back into the possession of the Eckardsteins heirs, who allowed the well operation to continue under the name of "Kronthaler Mineralquellen Betriebsgesellschaft mbH" . Up to the First World War, up to 2.7 million bottles could be filled annually; exports continued to the USA, England, Egypt and India, while the Kurhaus became a hospital in 1915.

With the end of the First World War, in 1918, the Kronthaler Wasser lost its markets. The French occupying power (Kronberg was part of the Mainz bridgehead) confiscated residential and business buildings and quartered around 200 Moroccans in the former spa house. In 1920 the community of Mammolshain considered buying the Kurhaus, which had run down due to the billeting of the French auxiliary troops, in order to set up several 2-room apartments there. However, the purchase failed because the price was too high for the community treasury. However, the bottling plant continued; In 1921 the bottling plant was expanded again to 40,000 bottles per day due to the long and hot summer.

In 1922 the von Eckardstein'sche Erbengemeinschaft sold the Kurhaus as well as all outbuildings and facilities for the low purchase price of 21 million marks to two Oberursel manufacturers (probably creditors of the Freiherren von Eckardstein) who sold all the facilities, machines, and pipelines as scrap. The bottle inventory went to an Offenbach fountain company.

In 1924 the city of Frankfurt am Main acquired the completely dilapidated Kronthal and built the current company building in 1925. The Kurhaus was demolished in 1925 because renovation was no longer worthwhile. Since June 1926, the company "Kronthaler Brunnen Gesellschaft mbH", newly founded on July 25, 1925 with a share capital of 450,000 RM, sold the water, which the city of Kronberg joined in November of the same year with a share of 25,000 RM. In the first business year (June – December 1926) 653,282 bottles were sold. In addition to the three existing wells, three new ones were drilled.

From August 1930, alongside mineral water, lemonades ( "Kronthal Gold" , "Kronthal Silver" ) and, since 1937, cola were also sold under the Kolanade brand . After a lack of sugar prevented production in 1941, a "soda with cola flavor" with sweetener was first made before production of Kolanda was finally stopped due to the war and for cost reasons. The mineral water remained successful in 1942 with 2.5 million bottles; in the post-war year 1946, 2.6 million bottles were sold again.

In 1935 the idea arose to turn the "Villa Winter", which had previously been bought by the city, into a spa and to pump the Kronthal mineral water there in order to save the spa guests the trip to the valley. The idea could not be realized, but - as far as the pumping station is concerned - was not dropped. Since 1996 and 2009, thanks to the commitment of the Kronberger Altstadtkreis and the "water master" Bernd Kapp, mineral water from the Fürstenberg spring has been gushing out of two small fountains in the city center (Schulgarten and Tanzhausstraße).

In 1958 the city of Frankfurt reduced its shares to 3% and sold 95% to "Westgetränke GmbH" , a subsidiary of the Frankfurt-based "Henninger-Bräu" . The city of Kronberg still retained its 2% stake as well as the trademark and name rights. In 1960 the "Theodorusquelle" was added, which was the only Kronthal spring to be officially recognized as a healing spring by the Darmstadt regional council. The bottling company was called "Kronthal Mineral- und Heilquellen GmbH" , in 1975 around 23 million bottles were filled. With the "Ordinance on the protection of the state-recognized medicinal spring" Theodorus-Quelle "of the company Kronthal, Mineralwasser- und Heilquellen GmbH of October 30, 1985" a medicinal spring protection area was established.

1988 – today

In 1988 the towns of Königstein and Kronberg bought the Kronthal (without the Schafhof) and divided it up among themselves. Thus, the border and usage rights dispute settled in 1568 came to its final conclusion after 420 years. At this point the bottling of the water had already been shut down (1986); it was only resumed in 1993 by the "Kelterei Herberth" from Niederhöchstadt , which has been operating an apple vineyard and drinks distribution in Kronthal on the grounds of the bottling plants since 1989. The Kronthaler mineral water could not follow up on the earlier successes and only achieved local importance, so that the bottling was stopped again in 2003, because a changeover of the system from glass to the more modern PET bottles as well as the necessary renovation of the complete pipelines and sockets (their Seals were decomposed over the years by the carbon dioxide and the water contaminated with tar) became unprofitable with the rather small filling quantities.

In 2003, the city of Kronberg commissioned an engineering office from Oberursel with the renovation planning and construction supervision of the springs and spring catchments, which were ended in 2007. After completing the approval procedure under water law, 55,000 m³ of mineral water per year (also for bottling) can be promoted. The park landscape was largely restored by the Rhine-Main Regional Park according to historical models, Kneipp pools and paths were laid out, parking spaces and barbecue areas were created. A new construction of the pond in front of the former Kurhaus is still being planned. An essential part of the renovation was the renaturation of the streams and the replacement of important park tree species.

Directors and managing directors 1875–1975

  • August Thiemann from 1875
  • Bernhard Martin from 1890
  • Ernst Offenbach until 1908
  • Max Plüddemann 1909–1922
  • Paul Lucas Jaeger 1926–1937
  • Paul Karl Wenzel 1937–1945
  • Adolf Heckenmüller 1946–1951
  • Dr. Fritz Martin 1951–1953
  • Nikolaus Steier from 1954

based on: Wilhelm Jung: "Everything about Kronthal"

Others

At all times since the arbitration in 1586 and in all purchase and lease agreements, the residents of Kronberg and Königstein had to be granted the unimpeded right to drink at home, which sexton made active use of, especially after the spring drafts.

Since then, the saying has been going around in Kronberg: "Anyone who has ever drunk Kronthaler water at the source never leaves the city". Many young couples met in Kronthal in order to "bond" to each other. Perhaps it was because you could meet in the park-like grounds and in the orchards on the way relatively "undisturbed" to get your house drink (earlier in clay bottles).

Bibliography

Monographs

  • Gallus Etschenreutter: "All healing baths and fountains, nature, strength, virtue and effect, so known and experienced in Germany" , Strasbourg 1571 (several editions)
  • Theodorus Tabernaemontanus : "From the Kronenburger Sawerbrunnen / and from its strength and effectiveness", Chapter LXVIII, pp. 423-425 in: "New water treasure: that is all heylsaman metallic mineral baths and water [...]" , Frankfurt am Main 1581 ( online )
  • Ferdinand Küster: "About hydrotherapy: with special consideration of the Cronthal hydropathic institute" , Frankfurt am Main 1841 online
  • Ferdinand Küster: "Cronthal" in: "The Nassau mineral springs Soden, Cronthal, Weilbach, Wiesbaden, Schlangenbad, Schwalbach and Ems described by an association of doctors" , Wiesbaden 1851 ( online )
  • Karl Otto Jakob Ewich : "Practical manual about the most excellent healing springs and curorts: for doctors and bathers" , Berlin 1862, pages 330–332, ( online )
  • Wilhelm Jung: "Everything about Kronthal, the entire development history from the Sauerborn to the Brunnen-Gesellschaft" (2 hectographed volumes), self-published, Kronberg im Taunus 1975, 2nd improved edition in one volume, Kronberg im Taunus 1977 (University Library Frankfurt)
  • Karl-Wilhelm Bruno: "Mammolshain, Königstein's window to the south, past and present of a Taunus community" Verlag Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1975 ISBN 3782901681
  • Konrad Schneider (Ed.) "Business in Kronthal, mineral water and bricks from the Taunus" Authors: Konrad Schneider , Thomas Ohlenschläger , Fritz Schummer , Hanspeter Borsch , Claus Harbers, Hessisches Wirtschaftsarchiv, Darmstadt 2007 ISBN 3980450678

Periodicals

  • "Didaskalia, sheets for mind, spirit and publicity, entertainment supplement to the Frankfurter Journal" , Frankfurt am Main, different volumes:
30th year 1852: "Cronthal im Taunus" p. 191 ( digitized in the Google book search)
  • "Medicinische Annalen , edited by the members of the Grand Ducal Badische Sanitäts-Commission in Carlsruhe, Heidelberg, different years:
Volume 11, 1845: Ferdinand Küster: "Sketches from Cronthal" pp. 68-87 ( digitized in the Google book search)
  • "Nassauer Annalen" Published by the Association for Nassau Antiquity and Historical Research , Wiesbaden since 1827
Volume 114, 2003: Konrad Schneider: "The Kronthaler Mineralbrunnen as an operation of the city of Frankfurt am Main (1924-1958)" , pp. 353-370

Web links

Commons : Quellenpark Kronthal  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 10 ′ 11 "  N , 8 ° 30 ′ 41.5"  E

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ formerly Frohnröderhof, Domaine der Ritter von Cronberg, 1803 Nassau, since 1919 property of the Foundation Hospital zum Heiligen Geist in Frankfurt am Main, 1970 (inherited) leased from the Foundation to Liselott Linsenhoff , after her death in 1999 from her daughter Ann Kathrin Linsenhoff taken over, s. a. Wolf u. Zwicker: "The sheep farm in Kronberg through the ages" Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-7973-1056-9
  2. ^ Fritz Schummer: Pre and early history of the Kronthal sources . Online at www.historische-eschborn.de.
  3. ↑ in a donation agreement dated June 28, 1439 , in which "a hen from Schwalbach [...] bequeathed a meadow parcel vmb the uppermost suern born to the presence of the clergy at Cronberg " (K.-W. Bruno p. 34; see also Schwalbacher Annals, Main State Archive Wiesbaden, Department 330, Documents No. 23)
  4. ↑ Comparison of a border dispute between Kronberg and Königstein, in which, in addition to the demarcation of the boundary, it was determined that the Sawerbrunnen [...] now named two lordships should be and remain . (Königsteiner Jurisdictionalbuch 1619)
  5. ↑ Gallus Etschenreutter: "All healing baths and fountains natural force Tugendt and Würckung so in Teutsch lands known and experienced" Strasbourg 1571
  6. ↑ The oak-made version bore the inscription: "Peter Müller von Kronberg made this box a Sauerbrunnen Anno Dom. THT 1618" This beam was rediscovered in 1836 and reinstalled after affixing the following inscription on the back: "Renovated in 1836 by the city Cronberg by Jakob Sauer, Christof Weidmann and Maurer A. Dietz, after 15 years of devastation " . The beam was dug up again in 1925 during renovation work by the Kronberg company Küchler (W. Jung p. 172, Oberurseler Bürgerfreund of November 12, 1925).
  7. ↑ F. Sexton: Crontha . P. 98.
  8. ↑ "As a result of a bronchial catarrh [..] I was so weak that I could not climb the then very steep path to Cronberg without resting first. The lively bubbling spring near which I was resting prompted me to try again and again of the water [..] The effect of the water was so beneficial that I drank it as a cure and was completely cured after 6 weeks (F. Küster: "The Nassauische Heilquellen" , Wiesbaden 1851.)
  9. ↑ Ferdinand Küster: About hydrotherapy: with special consideration of the Cronthal hydrotherapy institute , Frankfurt am Main 1841 online
  10. ↑ W. Jung, p. 204.
  11. ↑ It also aroused some resentment. The Agricultural Association wrote in Volume 5 "Agricultural Description of the Duchy of Nassau" in 1844 : [...] for the youth of the people every 2 to 3 weeks at a so-called "Tivoli" in the Cronthale. The morality and purity of the youth cannot be preserved here
  12. ↑ Ewich, p. 331 f.
  13. ↑ 1792–1868, later an honorary citizen of Kronberg
  14. ↑ entry in the book Stock Cronberg of 2 March 1875th
  15. ↑ Hermann Reimer: "Handbook of special climatotherapy and balneotherapy with special consideration on Central Europe for use by doctors" , Berlin 1889, p. 133
  16. ↑ The name Apollinis Brunnen was given up again in 1889, not least at the instigation of "Apollinarisbrunnen vormals Georg Kreuzberg AG" in Bad Neuenahr (W. Jung p. 159, H. Niehaus in: "Der Mineralbrunnen" 4/1994, p. 162 ff) , although the appellation or revision of the Apollinaris were rejected in two last-instance negotiations before the Reichsgericht (RG Rep. II. 129/79 and RG Rep. II. 295/80, so-called "Apollinaris decision")
  17. ↑ Annual report of the Wiesbaden Chamber of Commerce 1880
  18. ↑ World Exhibition Sydney 1880: 2 first prizes, International Exhibition Brussels 1880: Golden Medal, Exposition Médicale Genoa 1880: Honorary Diploma, Munich 1879: Golden Medal
  19. ↑ Land register entry of the city of Cronberg from July 3, 1908: Ernst Freiherr von Eckardstein, Hans Freiherr von Eckardstein, Richard Freiherr von Eckardstein, Margarethe Countess von Finkenstein, née von Eckardstein, as an undivided community of heirs.
  20. ^ Distributed in England by Schweppe (The Royal Society, The British Medical Journal, May 13, 1899, p. 1169).
  21. ↑ K.-W. Bruno p. 121
  22. ↑ In the time of inflation; about 10,000 gold marks.
  23. ↑ City Medical Councilor Dr. R. Oxenius: The Kronthaler Mineralquellen "; in: Yearbook of the Frankfurter Bürgerschaft 1926, p. 119 f.
  24. ↑ Kronthalbrunnen, Küsterquelle, Fürstenbergquelle, Wilhelmsquelle, Hartmutquelle, Nymphenquelle, the Bismarckquelle on Mammolshainer Grund remained unmounted.
  25. ↑ David Schahinian: "The Kola from the Kronthal" . In: Taunuszeitung from January 21, 2013, p. 17.
  26. ↑ Frankfurter Rundschau of October 29, 2009.
  27. ↑ Founded in 1951 as "Hessische Getränke Industrie GmbH" , in the 1960s the largest Pepsi bottler in Europe, closed again in 1987 due to the restructuring of Henninger-Bräu
  28. ^ "Kronthal Theodorus Quelle" 1969 registered with the German Patent and Trademark Office, "Nymphenquelle" 1977, "Kronthal Quelle" 1978, "Theodorus Quelle" 1984.
  29. ↑ to remember the first description by Tabernaemontanus
  30. ↑ Ordinance on the protection of the state-recognized mineral spring “Theodorus-Quelle”, of the company Kronthal, Mineralwasser- und Heilquellen GmbH, based in Kronberg im Taunus from October 30, 1985 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1985 No. 48 , p. 2175 , point 1064 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 7.2 MB ]).