Roman house

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Roman atrium house. 1: entrance hall, 2: shops, 3: atrium, 4: impluvium (rainwater collecting basin), 5: tablinum , 6: garden, 7: triclinium (dining room), 8: alae , 9: bedroom.

In ancient Roman construction, there are different types of buildings. The Latin usage made a fundamental distinction between a town house ( domus ) and a country house ( villa ).

Town house (domus)

  • The old Italian atrium house is an early type of residential building that goes back to Etruscan designs. Since the 2nd century BC This type of house was often extended by the construction of a peristyle . The center of the atrium house was a central room (Latin: atrium ) immediately after the entrance area , from which a number of smaller rooms could be reached. In the fourth century the atrium disappeared. The houses now often only had one peristyle. Typical of these late antique houses is also a nymphaeum and a large room in the part of the house furthest from the entrance. It's probably some kind of living room .
  • The Insula is a large, multi-storey apartment building with numerous apartments and shops on the ground floor.

Country house (villa)

  • The villa rustica is the main building of a farm. It can be a simple farmhouse or larger building complexes, for example on latifundia .
  • As Villa urbana one equipped with elaborate architecture and urban comfort villa of the Roman upper class is called. Luxury villas of this type were often connected to a farm, but their main purpose was the retired summer stay of the villa owner, during which the Hellenistic culture was cultivated and lavish banquets were held.

See also

literature

  • Ian M. Barton: Roman Domestic Buildings , Exeter 1996. ISBN 978-0-85989-415-9
  • Christoph Bertsch: Villa, garden, landscape. City and country in the Florentine Tuscany as aesthetic and political space , Berlin 2012. ISBN 978-3-7861-2674-4
  • Shelley Hales: The Roman house and social identity , Cambridge 2009. ISBN 978-0-521-81433-1
  • Ursula Heimberg : Villa Rustica. Living and working on Roman country estates , Darmstadt 2011. ISBN 978-3-534-24039-5
  • Werner Mayer Jochen: Imus ad villam. Studies on Villeggiatur in the urban Roman suburbium in the late republic and early imperial period , Stuttgart 2005. ISBN 3-515-08787-7 (on Google Books )
  • Ray Laurence / Andrew Wallace-Hadrill: Domestic space in the Roman world, Pompeii and beyond (= Journal of Roman archeology , Suppl. Vol. 22), Portsmouth 1997, ISBN 1-887829-22-9
  • Alexander G. MacKay: Roman houses, villas and palaces , Feldmeilen 1980. ISBN 3-7611-0585-1
  • Harald Mielsch: The Roman Villa. Architektur und Lebensform , Munich 1997. ISBN 3-406-31576-3
  • Sascha Priest: Ad summas tegulas. Investigations on multi-storey building blocks with residential units and insulae in imperial Rome. Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma. Supplementi 11, Verlag L'Erma Di Bretschneider, Rome 2002, Diss.
  • Lisa C. Nevett: Domestic space in classical antiquity , Cambridge 2010. ISBN 978-0-521-78336-1
  • Katrin Schneider: Villa and nature. A study of the Roman upper class culture in the last century before and first after Christianity (= sources and research on the ancient world, vol. 18), Munich 1994, dissertation ISBN 3-88073-515-8

Web links

Commons : Ancient Roman Villas  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ AJ Brothers: Urban Housing , in: Barton: Roman Domestic Buildings , pp. 57-58