Strip house (roman)

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Attempt to reconstruct a Roman strip house in the vicus of Tulln / Austria
Reconstruction of a strip house in the suburb of Aquincum (2nd - 3rd century)

The strip house is the characteristic house type for the vici in the Roman north-west provinces , which are characterized by a Gallo-Roman population . But their presence is also attested in larger cities.

This type of building was very narrow and extended along the length of the street to allow as many properties as possible within a Roman vicus to have access to the thoroughfare. The associated plots were adapted to the shape of the building. The houses could be up to 40 meters long, but were only between five and 16 meters wide. The gable side is usually designed to face the street.

So far, no occupation-specific breakdown has been found in the strip houses examined. The buildings can be built wall to wall or they share an exterior wall. Often a narrow corridor, a so-called ambitus, separates the houses. On the side facing away from the road there was often a courtyard with a stove and / or a well. The layout of the strip houses varies. Often there is a narrow room on the street front that takes up the entire width of the house. There was possibly a shop here, from which the customers on the street could be served. In the rear area of ​​the vici, building types dominate with a large room, from whose corners there are room divisions. The strip houses in the Roman province formed a roof for the sidewalk through their cornices.

At the beginning to the middle of the 1st century , the houses were built using timber frame technology with a threshold beam construction. From the end of the 1st century the buildings were erected as half-timbered houses with stone foundations, or from the 2nd century entirely in stone.

The development towards stone construction reflects the increasing prosperity and the consolidation of the provincial population in the 2nd and the beginning of the 3rd century . From the 2nd century onwards , wall plastering with wall paintings was increasingly found in strip houses . When the settlements were sacked in the course of the Germanic invasions in the second half of the 3rd century, they were mostly rebuilt in half-timbered construction, as the example of Jülich ( Iuliacum ) shows.

In 2009 two strip houses (shop and workshop) were built on the grounds of the vicus of the Saalburg .

literature

  • Gösta Ditmar-Trauth : The Gallo-Roman house. On the nature and distribution of the house of the Gallo-Roman population in the Imperium Romanum . 2 volumes. Kovač, Hamburg 1995, ISBN 3-86064-349-5 (= Antiquates series , volume 10, also dissertation University of Münster 1994/95).
  • Rüdiger Gogräfe , Klaus Kell (Hrsg.): House and settlement in the Roman north-west provinces. Excavation findings, architecture and equipment; international symposium of the city of Homburg on November 23 and 24, 2000 . Ermer, Homburg 2003, ISBN 978-3-924653-31-6 (= research in the Roman Schwarzenacker. Volume 4. Text German / French).
  • Thomas Fischer : Examples of the emergence of Roman cities in the north-west provinces . In: Gundolf Precht , Norbert Zieling (ed.): Genesis, structure and development of Roman cities in the 1st century AD in Lower and Upper Germany: Colloquium from February 17 to 19, 1998 in the Xanten Regional Museum . (= Xanten reports , Volume 9). Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2001. P. 11 ff.
  • Margot Klee : Settlements in the countryside: villages and small towns. In: Vera Rupp , Heide Birley (Hrsg.): Country life in Roman Germany. Theiss, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-8062-2573-0 , p. 23f.
  • Andreas Thiel : Complex strip houses on the outskirts. New insights into the planning and expansion of the Jagsthausen fort vicus . In: Peter Henrich (Ed.): The Limes from the Lower Rhine to the Danube. 6th colloquium of the German Limes Commission . Theiss, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-8062-2466-5 , (= contributions to the Limes World Heritage Site 6), pp. 89–97.
  • Franz Oelmann : Gallo-Roman street settlements and small house buildings . In: Bonner Jahrbücher 128, 1928. P. 79 ff.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Margot Klee 2012, p. 24.
  2. ^ Egon Schallmayer : Reconstructed replicas of strip houses in the camp village of the Saalburg Fort . In: Archäologisches Nachrichtenblatt 15, 1, 2010, pp. 12–20.