R-1 (missile)

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R-1 (missile)

1-пуску-посвящается 1S.jpg

General Information
Type Short-range missile
Local name R-1 "Jedinitschka" (Russian the first), 8A11
NATO designation SS-1A Scunner
Country of origin Soviet UnionSoviet Union Soviet Union
Manufacturer OKB-1 (Korolev)
development 1945
Commissioning 1948
Working time 1952
Technical specifications
length 14.60 m
diameter 1,650 mm
Combat weight 13,400 kg
drive RD-100 liquid rocket engine
Range 270 km
Furnishing
steering Inertial navigation system
Warhead 785 kg fragmentation warhead
Weapon platforms Mobile from a semitrailer
CEP

1,500-7,000 m

Lists on the subject

The R-1 ( NATO code name : SS-1A Scunner ) was a copy of the German A4 rocket (V2) made in the Soviet Union . As a replica, the R-1 was produced in Soviet industrial plants and with increasing Soviet expertise. This gained valuable experience in rocket construction.

development

Sketch of the R-1

In 1945, Soviet soldiers found several important German production sites for the A4 (V2) and their center in the Mittelwerk in Kohnstein and in the repair shop in Kleinbodungen , which had already been largely cleared out by the Americans with regard to the essential technology. Various hiding places with detailed plans and precision technology were gradually discovered. Important German rocket engineers, such as Helmut Gröttrup , Werner Albring and Kurt Magnus , were deported to the NII-88 research station near Moscow in October 1946 as part of Aktion Ossawakim , where they had to stay until November 1953. In contrast to the Americans, who integrated many “captured” missile developers into their national missile programs, the main concern of the Soviet Union was to siphon off the knowledge of German engineers in order to develop a completely independent missile program. For this purpose, the OKB-1 missile design bureau was established under the direction of Sergei Korolev in the NII-88. This bureau was tasked with developing its own missiles, starting with the R-1, the construction of which was authorized by Stalin in 1947 and supervised by the Minister of Armaments Dmitri Ustinov and Deputy Minister of the Interior Ivan Serov .

Korolev recognized early on that the A4 had no relevant development potential, but nevertheless advocated its replica in order to quickly achieve an operational missile for its own troops.

The first take-off of an R-1 took place on October 17, 1948 at the Kapustin Jar test site . In November 1950, the rocket was removed from the Soviet Army for use in weapons. The R-1 could carry a conventional warhead of 785 kg up to 270 km, with an accuracy of about 5 km.

From 1949, modified R-1s were used as scientific sounding rockets. On August 15, 1951, two dogs ( Djesik and Zygan ) were brought on board in Kapustin Jar for the first time ; they reached a top height of 110 km with the R-1W and then landed safely.

The R-2 was developed from the R-1 , which was first launched in October 1950.

  • R-1

  • Turbopump of an R-1 in Kapustin Jar

  • RD-100 engine (right)

variants

  • R-1: basic military version
  • R-1A: improved military version, with separation of the warhead after burnout
  • R-1B: geophysical research rocket, FIAN-1 payload
  • R-1W: geophysical research rocket, mammalian payload (dogs and mice)
  • R-1D: geophysical research rocket, mammalian payload, with rescue system and additional side surfaces
  • R-1E: geophysical research rocket, improved separation of the payload from the propulsion part

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Matthias Uhl : Stalin's V-2. The technology transfer of German radio controlled weapons technology to the USSR and the development of the Soviet missile industry from 1945 to 1959 . Dissertation with reproduction of many original documents. Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 2001, ISBN 978-3-7637-6214-9 (304 pages).
  2. ↑ Nadja Podbregar: Tikhonrawow and the first plans for manned space capsules. In: scinnex.de. April 8, 2011, accessed March 1, 2018 .
  3. ↑ РКК "Энергия" - История. www.energia.ru, accessed March 1, 2018 (Russian).

Web links

Commons : R-1  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files