Kapustin Jar proving ground
Coordinates: 48 ° 39 ′ 49 ″ N , 45 ° 43 ′ 29 ″ E
The Kapustin Yar test site ( Russian Полигон Капустин Яр ) is an early Soviet and now Russian missile test site.
It is largely located in Astrakhan Oblast on the border with Volgograd Oblast and partly in Kazakhstan . After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the Kazakh part of the site was leased by Russia. The official name is 4-й Государственный центральный межвидовой полигон Российской Федерации (4 ГЦМП) - ( State central inter-specific test site of the Russian Federation No.4 ), alternatively as войсковая часть 15644 (Military Association 15644) respectively. It serves as a spaceport , a test site for strategic ballistic and anti-aircraft missiles and, in the past, also as a launch site for missiles as part of nuclear tests.
history
The Kapustin Yar test site was established in 1947 and was the only Soviet test site for ballistic missiles until the Baikonur Cosmodrome was completed in 1957 . The rockets R-1 , R-2, R-5, R-11, R-12 , R-13, R-14 , R-17, RSD-10, as well as S-25 , S-75 , S- 125 tested. In addition, static tests and flight tests of the cruise missile W-350 Burja were carried out here (18 tests from 1957 to 1960).
On March 16, 1962, Kapustin Jar launched the first launch vehicle with Kosmos 1 . Since then, Kapustin Yar has served as a spaceport for the "Kosmos" rocket , including BOR-5 (part of the Energija - Buran program ).
From 1957 to 1962 ten rockets were launched in Kapustin Yar in the direction of the Semipalatinsk and Sary-Shagan nuclear weapons test sites . Three of them had a strength between 150 and 300 kT, one between 20 and 150 kT and six between 0.001 and 20 kT.
From 1988 to 1998, Kapustin Jar was closed to testing programs. In 1992, Boris Yeltsin proposed that the test site be given over to the Russian- German Republic instead of the former Volga-German Republic . On October 5, 1998, the test site , which is now subordinate to the Sary-Shagan rocket launch site, was put back into operation with systematic ABM tests for A-135 and A-235 and flights by the RT-2PM (ICBM). In addition, S-400 Triumf , 96K6 Panzir , Tor-M2 , Iskander and others were tested here.
Administrative center of Poligons is Snamensk . The Kapustin Yar military airport is located near Znamensk.
literature
Web links
- Capustin Jar
- Boris Tschertok's memories of Kapustin Yar (Russian)
- History of the Kapustin Jar proving ground
- Scheme for Kapustin Jar
Individual evidence
- ↑ Film about W-350 in the Kapustin Jar test area
- ↑ Ядерные испытания СССР, т 1, гл 3, стр, 81-90. See also Испытания ядерного оружия и ядерные взрывы в мирных целях СССР 1949–1990