Trellis
A trellis (trellis, climbing aid) is a structural construction made of metal, wood or plastic that enables a climbing plant to grow in width or height in a species-specific manner. Trellises are used as a constructive element in garden design or on house walls ( facade greening ).
Colloquially, the terms "climbing aid", "climbing frame" etc. are often used synonymously for "climbing aids". A clear distinction is correct: climbing aids are climbing structures for climbing plants that form climbing organs. Climbing aids, on the other hand, are support and climbing structures for all climbing plants, regardless of their climbing shape. In fact, a good climbing aid for a filigree climbing plant works for many other climbing plants, e.g. B. strong-growing creepers, more growth-inhibiting than helpful.
material
Trellises can consist of metal, wood or plastic profiles, wires and ropes or a combination of different materials. Relevant suitability aspects of the materials are their ability to be climbed by climbing plants, providing a permanent secure hold, weather resistance and sufficient strength values and load-bearing capacity depending on the use.
Metals with high thermal conductivity and / or oxidation products that are toxic to plants are u. U. less suitable. A thermal load on the vegetation can occur in particular when dark, thick metal profiles heat up under sunlight and give off a lot of heat to young parts of the plant. In winter, the surface of all climbing aids does not cool down any deeper than the surrounding air.
Rough construction
When one speaks of a scaffolding, it usually means a spatial structure, for example a climbing column or an arbor construction. The term "trellis" (or, if necessary, "trellis") is more appropriate for flat trellises. The claim to represent a climbing aid is met by a construction u. a. through a sufficiently large range of corresponding profiles in the area that a climbing plant is to climb. Accordingly, a trellis arises i. d. Usually very filigree.
Grid widths
Grid sizes between approximately 10 × 10 cm and 40 × 40 cm are suitable for various climbing plants. The stronger the wood and the longer and more durable the respective tendrils are, the larger the profile spacings are possible.
Material thickness
The various demands that a climbing plant places on its growth aid according to its climbing technique must be observed. The circumference of the rod or slat should be smaller than the active length of the tendrils .
- Rankers usually need more or less thin ropes or sticks ( wine , clematis , etc.). Even for climbing plants with a long active tendril length, the profile diameter should be a maximum of approx. 2 cm. For battens (rectangular profiles or similar), a profile circumference <7 cm should be selected.
- Twists (such as wisteria , tree shrugs , beans ) are best wrapped around rods up to about 5 cm thick.
- Spreader climbers (e.g. rose , blackberries ) require cross and longitudinal rods / ropes, as they spread out with shoots and often also hook into spikes (barbs).
Consideration of the wind load
With free-standing trellises, depending on the location, the possible wind load should not be neglected. Trellises in unprotected locations should be designed for a horizontal load of around 50 kp / m² (based on the future storage area formed by vegetation).
history
Classic, purely functional trellises (rectangular structure), which were usually made of wood, adorned many buildings and houses used for agriculture from around the end of the 19th century. In terms of construction, such trellises differ little from trellis constructions, as they are still common today, especially in the Alpine region. In addition to the functional rectangular grids made of slats (some also with wire covering), there were also diagonally braced trellises made of thinner strips, especially in "middle-class" houses. These formed a diamond pattern that often covered entire facades and whose frame also accommodated the round shapes of the facade. There the trellis was specifically used as an independent element of a facade design.
See also
literature
- Manfred Köhler: Facade and roof greening . Ulmer, 1993, ISBN 3-8001-5064-6
- FLL: Guideline for the planning, execution and maintenance of facade greening with climbing plants . Bonn, 2000 reference + info
