Ranunculus bonariensis

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Ranunculus bonariensis
Systematics
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Ranunculeae
Genre : Buttercup ( Ranunculus )
Type : Ranunculus bonariensis
Scientific name
Ranunculus bonariensis
Poir. in Lam.

Ranunculus bonariensis is a species of the buttercup family(Ranunculaceae). It grows in wetlands in America.

description

The stems are erect or prostrate, branchy, hairless, and root at the nodes . The roots are hairless and not thickened at their base. The leaf blade of the proximal stem leaves is, depending on the subspecies, round heart-shaped or elliptical to ovoid and 0.8 to 2.3 × 0.5 to 1.2 centimeters in size. The leaf base is edged, rounded or blunt, the leaf edge completely or very weakly serrated and the tip of the leaf broadly rounded-pointed to rounded. The bracts of the solitary or arm-flowered. Leaf-axillary cymes sitting flowers are elliptical to ovate. Your flower base is hairless. The three sepals measure 1.5 to 3 × 0.5 to 2 millimeters and are spread out or bent back at the base. The one to three petals are 1.5 to 2.5 × 0.5 to 1 millimeters in size. The nectar scales are hairless. The heads of the achenes are spherical to ovoid and 2 to 5 × 2 to 4 millimeters in size. The achenes are smooth, hairless and measure 1.4 to 1.8 × 1 to 1.2 millimeters. There is no beak .

The species blooms in North America from March to May.

Subspecies

Four subspecies of the species have been described. According to American tradition, these were first understood as varieties and raised to subspecies by the Spanish botanist Julián Molero.

  • Ranunculus bonariensis subsp. bonariensis . The homeland is Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, called "berro" there
  • Ranunculus bonariensis subsp. januarii (Urban) Molero . The home is Brazil.
  • Ranunculus bonariensis subsp. phyteumifolius (St.-Hil.) Molero . The homeland is Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, called "berrito" there.
  • Ranunculus bonariensis subsp. trisepalus (Gillies ex Hook. & Arnott) Molero . Occurs in South America: Chile, Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina and in North America in California.

The subspecies differ primarily in the shape of the leaf blade, especially the basal leaves. In the subspecies bonariensis have the same base and stem leaves with a rounded, heart-shaped blade. In the subspecies phyteumifolius , the basal leaves are triangular-heart-shaped, the stem leaves ovate. In the subspecies trisepalus , the basal and stem leaves are ovate. The subspecies januarii has also been described with rounded-heart-shaped to triangular-egg-shaped basal leaves.

Another variety, Ranunculus bonariensis var. Heterophyllus (Sm.) Benoist is now considered a synonym for Ranunculus nubigenus Kunth ex DC.

Occurrence

Ranunculus bonariensis var. Trisepalus occurs in California on river banks and in small bodies of water that dry out in summer ("vernal pools"), here at altitudes of 30 to 1000 meters, similar locations are populated in Chile. In South America an altitude distribution of up to 3000 meters is given.

Systematics

The species-rich genus Ranunculus in the northern hemisphere comprises only a few species in South America, all of which are found in wetlands with a similar habit. The specific epithet bonariensis is derived from the Latinized form of the name of the Argentine capital Buenos Aires (Bonaria).

According to phylogenomic data (analysis of the relationship after comparison of homologous DNA sequences) Ranunculus bonarienis belongs to a clade of buttercup species that are common in wetlands worldwide, many of which, like this species, have undivided leaf blades. A further unpublished analysis revealed a similar position, although the monophyly of the species could not be confirmed here.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Alan T. Whittemore: Ranunculus bonariensis var. Trisepalus . In: Flora of North America. Vol. 3 . on-line
  2. ↑ J.Francis MacBride: Flora of Peru, Part 6, No 2. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History.. Botanical series 13 (2/2): 639-661. online at biodiversitylibrary.org
  3. ↑ Julián Molero (1985): Tres combinaciones nuevas en el género Ranunculus L. Fontqueria 7: 19.
  4. ↑ Alicia Lourteig (1951): Ranunculáceas de Sudamérica Templada. Darwiniana 9 (3/4): 397-608. online at JSTOR
  5. ↑ J. Urban: To the flora of South America, especially Brazil. Linnaea 18: 253-340. online at biodiversitylibrary.org
  6. ↑ Hassler M. (2016). World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (version Nov 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalog of Life, 29th January 2016 (Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Kunze T., Flann C., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt RE, Decock W., De Wever A., ​​eds). on-line
  7. ^ Jon E. Keeley Characterization and Global Distribution of Vernal Pools. In: in: CW Witham, ET Bauder, D. Belk, WR Ferren Jr., and R. Ornduff (Editors). Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Vernal Pool Ecosystems - Proceedings from a 1996 Conference. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. 1998: 1-14.
  8. ↑ Information in Flora Argentina , accessed on February 15, 2016.
  9. ↑ Elvira Hörandl, Ovidiu Paun, Jan T. Johansson, Carlos Lehnebach, Tristan Armstrong, Lixue Chen, Peter Lockhart (2005): Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary traits in Ranunculus s. l. (Ranunculaceae) inferred from ITS sequence analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36: 305-327. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.02.009
  10. ^ Carlos Adolfo Lehnebach: Phylogenetic affinities and Biogeographic patterns of Ranunculus in the Southern Hemisphere. Thesis, Massey University, Palmerston, New Zealand 2008

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