Xeremia (single reed)
The Xeremia or Xeremia eivissenca is a traditional wind instrument in Ibiza . It is a single or double pipe whistle .
Traditionally, an idioglottes single reed with a smaller diameter is attached to the upper end of the play tube . More recently, the service tongue can also be cut directly into the play tube, in such a way that the swinging end points upwards (anaglott, as in the Turkish Sipsi ). Play tube and reed are made from pile tube ( arundo donax ) that is at least one year old. Finger holes and simple decorations are burned in with a red-hot iron.
Instruments with two chanter are called Reclam de xeremies ("Schalmeienruf / Schalmeienspiel") or Xeremia bessona ("Doppelschalmei"). The chanter of these double instruments traditionally each have four finger holes on the top and one thumb hole. The same distances between the finger holes are determined by eye or by the width of the fingers. This almost always results in a semitone ( anhemitonic ) pentatonic scale. With modern designs, the thumb hole can be omitted. In the past, the two sound tubes were connected by small lumps of lead, today they are often tied together.
The instrument originally served as a signaling instrument for the shepherds. It has a strong, cutting sound. Traditionally, the Xeremia eivissenca is blown in circular breathing . The doubled instruments are also played in unison, i.e. H. the fingers simultaneously cover the holes in both game tubes. In contrast to the Egyptian arghul or the Sardinian launeddas , the Ibizan wind instrument has no drone whistle .
The closest relatives are the single-reed instruments in North Africa ( Magruna / Zummara) or in the Middle East ( Midschwiz , Sipsi ). The horn pipes represented on the Iberian mainland should also be compared (see Alboka , Albogues ). The prehistory of this type of instrument goes back to ancient Egypt .
Individual evidence
- ^ Crivillé, Josep: El folklore musical. Alianza Editorial; Madrid, 1983, p. 374
- ↑ Juanma Sánchez www.tamborileros.com , accessed April 14, 2009