Alboka
The Alboka (plural Basque albokak , plural Spanish albokas ) is a Basque single- reed instrument with two sound tubes that lead into a common horn bell . It belongs to the horn pipes that are called Albogue in Spain . The two reeds are picked up by a horn wind capsule and blown together. The left tube has five finger holes, the right three. The holes lying next to each other are each covered by a finger. The unequal number of holes creates two-part effects (fifths). The Alboka is played in circular breathing and not overblown .
Origin and Distribution
The earliest evidence of the name Alboka comes from the Libro de Alexandre (13th century). It is derived from the Arabic al-bûq (البوق) "trumpet" or "bugle". The various albogues with simple sound tubes, which are widespread in other areas of the Iberian Peninsula and north of the Pyrenees to the present day , also go back to Arab influence .
Typologically closely related to the Alboka is also the مقرونة maqrūna or magrūna, also known as زمر zam (a) r , which is widespread in North Africa . It also has two sound tubes and one or two funnels, but the same number of finger holes and no wind capsule (see Midschwiz ). The Gaita serrana in central Spain and the Pibgorn in Wales have a horn wind capsule . An 18th century Scottish instrument called a stick and horn had a wooden wind cap, a wooden body with double holes and a horn funnel.
In the Cantigas de Santa Maria (around 1300 AD), a doubled instrument with a wind cap and horn funnel is depicted, the parts of which are attached to an arched holder. In the case of a second instrument with a presumably simple pipe, further details cannot be seen. Archaeologically preserved instruments come from Lund (undated) and Falster (2nd half of the 11th century), they are very similar to the Pibgorn.
literature
- José Mariano Barrenchea, P. Jorge de Riezu: Alboka. Entorno folklórico . Archivo Padre Donostia. Lecaroz (Navarre), 1976.
- Sabin Bikandi Belandia: Alboka. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
Web links
- Video of an alboka player
- Construcción de INSTRUMENTOS TRADICIONALES. Retrieved September 4, 2016 .
- FolkWorld # 45: Albogues. Retrieved September 4, 2016 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ For the instruments depicted in the Cantigas manuscripts , cf. the representation Medieval Instruments VIb, Winds ( memento of the original dated February 2, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ For an overview with reconstructions of the instruments of the instruments see muses. Retrieved September 4, 2016 .
