Red purge

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Red Purge ( Japanese レ ッ ド パ ー ジ , Reddo pāji , Eng . "Red Purge") was a political purge against the Communist Party of Japan in 1950. On the instructions of Commander-in-Chief MacArthur of the GHQ / SCAP , the members and sympathizers of the Communist Party were from Gradually dismiss public offices or private companies. More than ten thousand people lost their jobs.

Overview

After the end of the Pacific War , the GHQ / SCAP promoted the democratization of Japan , which enabled the Communist Party of Japan to be legally active for the first time. This strengthened the Japanese labor movement . In the 24th general election in January 1949, the Communist Party won 35 seats. At the same time, the socialist People's Republic of China emerged and a tense situation developed on the Korean peninsula . As a result, the GHQ / SCAP switched to a repressive course. That was the so-called counter-course that accompanied the outbreak of the Cold War .

At that time, the so-called three mysterious railroad incidents from 1949 ( Shimoyama , Mitaka and Matsukawa Incidents ) were presented as planned by the Communist Party and the Railway Workers' Union in order to create an atmosphere in which an ostracism of the Communist Party and the Communists seemed justified.

On March 3, 1950 , MacArthur hinted at a ban on the Communist Party. On May 30, a Communist Party-led crowd clashed with the occupation forces in the square in front of the Imperial Palace ( Jinmin-Hiroba incident ), and on June 6, 24 members of the Communist Party Central Committee such as Tokuda Kyūichi and the board of the Akahata newspaper became members ( Red Flag ) dismissed from public office, and proceeded against the Akahata with a publication ban. In this process, at the suggestion of the GHQ, the layoffs in the mass media (newspapers, radio), government agencies and companies were also carried out from July. The Communist Party of the time was internally divided and could hardly offer organized resistance. On June 25, the Korean War broke out and the threat of communism was now widely spoken of.

The purge order was lifted when the San Francisco Peace Treaty entered into force . When it became clear that for ordinary workers in the workplace from the Red Purge were affected, hardly seemed a return of and on the Red Purge were exposed, it was explained that there were also with the reinstatement difficulties.