Register carburetor
A carburetor (also stages gasifier is called) an assembly which as a simple carburetor for external mixture formation of a gasoline engine is used.
construction
Register carburetors have two (or very seldom more) “stages” to provide an ignitable fuel-air mixture. These each contain a venturi tube (air funnel) and a main nozzle system with main nozzle, air correction nozzle, mixing tube and throttle valve . Are in the first stage, the open-circuit system with transition bores manually or automatically actuated choke (choke) and the acceleration pump , while the full-load enrichment on the second stage acts.
In double carburettors, which consist of two single carburettors in one housing, the two throttle valves are operated together. A characteristic feature of a register carburetor is that the throttle valves open one after the other at different speeds. Register carburetors were manufactured with one, later two float chambers. In six- , eight- and twelve-cylinder engines , two or more register carburetors are often combined to form multiple carburetor systems.
Similar to double and multiple carburetors, register carburettors were used to increase the torque and thus to increase the performance of an engine, which in turn reduced the specific fuel consumption . With the use of a regulated three-way catalytic converter , register carburetors offered the possibility of better adapting the mixture to the required stoichiometric fuel ratio for different engine speed and load requirements . The throttle valve diameters, specified in mm, can be different or the same and are often part of the type designation: z. B: Solex 32/32 DIDTA or Zenith 35/40 INAT.
Register carburetors were mass-produced in Germany from 1956 onwards, but had been developed from double carburetors long before that, in which two single carburetors are combined in one housing. For example, the Maybach twelve -cylinder V-engine of the “Tiger” tank ( Maybach HL 230 ) had four double carburetors installed, which worked as register carburetors.
In a double register carburetor , two register carburetors are combined in one housing. Such a carburetor therefore has four air funnels, which is partly evident from the type designation (e.g. Solex 4A1 ). Double register carburetors of US American V8 engines (e.g. the "Quadrajet" four-barrel carburetor from Rochester) are often incorrectly translated as "quadruple carburetors".
function
When the engine is idling or under low load, only the first stage is used to form the mixture; the second stage throttle valve is only activated mechanically using a linkage and lever (e.g. Weber ) or pneumatically using a diaphragm box (e.g. Solex ) when the engine is under higher load or Zenith). The pneumatic actuation depends on the negative pressure in the suction pipe. A large intake cross-section is required to achieve high speeds. When the throttle valve is fully open, a register carburetor offers a large intake cross-section; In the lower part-load range, however, the air has a higher flow speed, as with a correspondingly large single carburetor, and the fuel is atomized more finely.
advantages
The finer atomization of the fuel in the partial load range creates a more homogeneous fuel-air mixture. With the same proportion of fuel, the combustion speed and pressure increase, and thus the torque and power. With the same torque requirement, consumption drops and the exhaust quality is better.
disadvantage
The fundamental disadvantage of the uneven distribution of the mixture to the individual engine cylinders is retained, as is the mutual negative influence of the cylinders during the individual intake processes. The production effort compared to a single carburetor is considerably greater, so there are also higher costs. Register carburetors, especially double register carburetors, are particularly demanding in terms of diagnosis, repair and adjustment.
use
Many mass manufacturers increased the performance of smaller four-cylinder engines with single or double carburetors by using register carburetors. In the upper middle class and upper class , these were already used in the basic engine. Mechanical or electronic gasoline injections were mostly used to further increase performance. With the increasing popularity of vehicles with regulated catalytic converters from the mid-1980s, injection systems increasingly displaced carburettors.
literature
- Gert Hack: make cars faster. 11th edition, Motorbuchverlag, Stuttgart, 1980, ISBN 3-87943-374-7
- Modern carburetor engines Krafthand Verlag 1st edition 1984
- Motor vehicle technology Verlag Westermann 1st edition 1987
Web links
- Autotechnik register carburetor , on kfz-tech.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Maybach HL 210 / HL 230 at whq-forum.de, accessed on November 6, 2014