Repetitive DNA
As a repetitive DNA or repetitive DNA elements are DNA regions in the genome referred to, the sequence of which consists of repeating sections. A summary and overview of the designations should be presented here; more detailed descriptions can be found under the links.
Classification
| Surname | Abbr. | Base pairs | Repetitions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Satellite DNA | 2 - 100 | 10-1000 | |
| Short tandem repeat | STR | 2 - 10 | 10-1000 |
| Microsatellite | 2 - 4 | 10-1000 | |
| Mini satellite | 10 - 100 | 4 - 40 | |
| Long terminal repeat | LTR | 200 - 600 | |
| Short interspersed nuclear element | SINE | 100 - 500 | |
| Long interspersed nuclear element | LINE | 6000-7000 | |
| Variable number tandem repeat | VNTR |
Satellite DNA
Satellite DNA is often found in the centromere and telomere areas .
very short sections:
Short tandem repeats : A sequence of 2-10 base pairs that is repeated 10 to 1000 times.
Subgroup of STRs: microsatellites 2-4 base pairs long.
short sections:
Mini Satellite : A sequence of 10 to 100 base pairs, which is repeated 4-40 times.
SINEs and LINEs
SINEs and LINEs are found relatively evenly distributed across the chromosomes.
SINEs (Short interspersed nuclear elements) are 100-500 base pairs long, LINEs (Long interspersed nuclear elements) are 6000-7000 base pairs long.
CRISPR
In most prokaryotes there are CRISPR -Abschnitte repetitive DNA, which constitute up to 1% of the genome. These form a mechanism that can provide the prokaryote with immunity to bacteriophages and other foreign DNA.
literature
- Ussery, David W .; Wassenaar, Trudy; Borini, Stefano (December 22, 2008). Word Frequencies, Repeats, and Repeat-related Structures in Bacterial Genomes. Computing for Comparative Microbial Genomics: Bioinformatics for Microbiologists. Computational Biology 8 (1 ed.). Jumper. ISBN 978-1-84800-254-8 . Pp. 133-144.
- Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer : Biochemistry. 6 edition, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2007. ISBN 978-3-8274-1800-5 .
- Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet: Biochemistry. 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York 2004. ISBN 0-471-19350-X .
- Bruce Alberts , Alexander Johnson, Peter Walter, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 5th Edition, Taylor & Francis 2007, ISBN 978-0815341062 .