Response element

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A response element or hormone responsive element (HRE, German hormone-sensitive area ) is a short nucleotide sequence in the area of ​​a promoter on the DNA that serves as a binding site for nuclear hormone receptors . These hormone receptors are transcription factors that, after binding the corresponding hormone , influence the transcription of the subsequent gene by binding to the DNA .

All previously known HREs show a very similar structure. They consist predominantly of hexameric tandem repeats (tandem repeats), interrupted by zero to eight random nucleotides. The sequence, polarity and distance determine the identity of the respective HRE.

There are three different polarity arrangements:

  • Direct Repeats (DR): The sequence of the two hexamers is identical (→ →).
Example: 5'-AGGTCA ... AGGTCA-3 '
  • Inverted Repeats (IR): The sequence of the sequence of a hexamer is the complementary, backward read copy of the others (→ ←).
Example: 5'-AGGTCA ... TGACCT-3 '
  • Everted Repeats (ER): The sequence of the sequence of a hexamer is the opposite, complementary, backward read copy of the others (← →).
Example: 5'-TGACCT ... AGGTCA-3 '

Sequence analysis programs can be used to predict HREs in the genome .

example

The response element for glucocorticoid hormones is called the Glucocorticoid Responsive Element (GRE) and shows the consensus sequence :

5'-AGRACAnnnTGTYCT-3 '

GREs respond to mineralocorticoids , progesterone, and androgens , but not to estrogens .

swell

  1. ^ Mechanism of Action: Hormones with Intracellular Receptors
  2. ^ A. Sandelin, WW Wasserman: Prediction of nuclear hormone receptor response elements. In: Mol. Endocrinol. Volume 19, 2005, pp. 595-606. doi: 10.1210 / me.2004-0101 . PMID 15563547 (free full text).
  3. ↑ M. Beato, J. Klug: Steroid hormone receptors: an update. In: Hum Reprod Update . Volume 6, 2000, pp. 225-236. PMID 10874567 (PDF)
  4. ↑ Steroid Hormone Receptors and their Response Elements

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