Robinia leaf miner
| Robinia leaf miner | ||||||||||||
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Robinia leaf miner ( Phyllonorycter robiniella ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Phyllonorycter robiniella | ||||||||||||
| ( Clemens , 1859) |
The locust leafminer ( Phyllonorycter robiniella syn. Macrosaccus robiniella ) is a butterfly from the family of moths (Gracillariidae).
features
The moths of the robinia miner moth are small butterflies and reach a size of about three millimeters. On the upper side of the wing, the moths have an orange-white drawing, which is separated by black lines.
distribution
The locust miner moth was originally native to North America and was first found in Europe in 1983 near Basel .
Further distribution:
- 1988 - France , Germany, Italy
- 1989 - Austria
- 1992 - Czech Republic and Slovak Republic
- 1996 - Hungary
- 1999 - Poland
After Phyllonorycter robiniella had reached Hungary , the further distribution increased significantly. Within just two years, the species covered the 500-kilometer distance between the western and eastern borders of the country, as the common robinia is widespread across the country.
biology
The caterpillars live monophagous on the leaves of the common black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia ). After mating, the females lay the elongated gray-green eggs on the underside of the leaves. The white caterpillars first create a short gangue mine on the underside of the leaves of the common robinia. Later it created an oval course mine and at the end a large white wrinkles mine. Often two to three caterpillars eat together in an enlarged mine. The larvae go through five to six larval stages until pupation , with complete development taking around five to 11 weeks. The adults of the last generation overwinter. The locust miner moth forms two to three generations (early summer, early autumn) per year in Central Europe.
One reason for the rapid spread of the locust miner moth is the fact that the host plant is a neophyte with which the native fauna does not know what to do. The caterpillars therefore live relatively undisturbed, which contributes to their spread. The effects on the tree consist of discoloration and loss of leaves, which apparently does not pose a serious threat to the tree, even with severe infestation. Definitive statements about the long-term effects on the tree are not yet available.
Various wasp species are known from the literature that parasitize on caterpillars. These are wasps from the family Eulophidae and brackish wasps (Braconidae).
supporting documents
- ↑ Elzbieta Wojciechowicz-Zytko, Beata Jankowska: The Occurence and Harmfulness of Phyllonorycter robiniella (Clem.), A new Leafminer of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Trees. (No longer available online.) In: Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, Horticulture, Volume 7, Issue 1. 2004, archived from the original on September 28, 2007 ; Retrieved January 2, 2008 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Aleksandar Stojanovic, Cedomir Markovic: Parasitoid complex of Phyllonorycter robiniella (Clemens, 1859) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in Serbia. In: Journal of Pest Science. February 4, 2005, accessed January 2, 2008 .
Web links
- Phyllonorycter robiniella at Fauna Europaea
- www.waldwissen.net: The Robinia leaf miners (PDF 372 kB)
- Macrosaccus robiniella (CLEMENS, 1859) - Robinia miner moth at Lepiforum eV