Roggenmuhme (grain demon)

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The Roggenmuhme is a female grain demon and child horror of the German legend , who stays in fields and fields.

The Roggenmuhme walks up and down in the field, feeds on the grain and tears up the unripe ears. If she is angry with the farmer, she will dry up his field and punish him in this way. In general, however, walking through the field through the Roggenmuhme ensures fertility. During the harvest, she flees into the last sheaf. The Roggenmuhme also receives a share of the harvest, which is either left standing or thrown into the field. This custom should please the Roggenmuhme and bring about a fruitful next year.

The Roggenmuhme's apartment is thought to be underground, in the “root realm” or in a cave.

The Roggenmuhme is similar to Frau Holle and Perchta in that it punishes the lazy maids who have not spun their distaffs during the twelve nights. Hence it is also called Rockenmör. The touch of the Roggenmuhme brings sickness and death.

Names

The Roggenmuhme has many different names. These can often contain certain recurring parts of the name.

Names with part of their name rye

The following names on rye are also passed down for the Roggenmuhme: Roggen Mutter, Roggenfrau, Roggenweib, Roggenweibchen, Roggenwief, Roggenalte, Roggenhexe, Roggenmöhme, Roggenmöhn, Roogenmäuk, Roggemöh, Roggomön, Roggenmüne and Roggenmiene.

Names with grain as part of their name

Names with the element Korn- are for example: Korn Mutter, Kornmoder, Kornmuhme, Kornmöhm, Kornmähne, Kornfrau, Kornweib, Kornwyf, Kornwif, Kornweiblein, Koarkewiffke, Kornweibel, Kornalte, Kornengel, Koansbab and Kornbaba.

Names with other types of grain as part of the name

Other types of grain are also reflected in the name of the Roggenmuhme. These are the wheat in the wheat mother and the wheat mill, the barley in the barley mother and the barley mill, the oat in the oat mother and the Habernitza, but also the general grain in the grain mill, the grain witch, the seed mill, the preinscheuhe and the pecker.

Names with other crops, arable crops and agricultural terms as part of the name

Various other field crops are used as part of the name of the rye mother , such as the pea in the pea in the pea, the pea and in the pea woman. The flax is part of the name of the flax mother. Radelweib, Rahlweib, Raalweib and Ralenweib are named after the field weed (Radel). Other names are associated with fields and harvest , such as harvest mother and field woman.

other names

In addition, the Roggenmuhme is also called old woman, old woman, grandmother, great mother, old whore, great whore, home mother, Pannwief, Dratweiberl, bad woman, bad woman, booing, aunt, white woman and wild woman.

Appearance

The Roggenmuhme is often described as completely black or snow-white, and of superhuman size.

The arms of the Roggenmuhme are long or made of iron . Your fingers are fiery or iron. It is also said that the Roggenmuhme has claws on its hands, which can also be made of iron.

The Roggenmuhme's unusually large breasts are so long that they can be thrown over the armpits. She has a lot of breasts. These can be black, iron, wooden or silver. They are sharp and hard, have glowing iron tips or burn. The breasts are filled with tar, toxic milk, or blood. Because of the prominent feature of their breasts, the Roggenmuhme is also called Zitenweib, Tittenwief, Tittenwiv or Tittewîf.

The Roggenmuhme is described as an old and wrinkled woman. She has pungent awns on her face, has a crooked nose and wears glasses. Sometimes it is even described headlessly.

The Roggenmuhme should also have an iron heart.

It can also change its shape, for example into a turtle, a snake, a frog, a wolf, a black cat, a horned animal or a dog with a blanket.

The Roggenmuhme is often dressed in black, but can also be dressed entirely in gray. Their appearance is ragged. Sometimes the Roggenmuhme also wears a red skirt or a red dress and a red cap. She has a blue coat and wears wide, billowing skirts. Often the Roggenmuhme wears a white headscarf like a reaper. Sometimes she walks on crutches.

Roggenmuhme as a weather phenomenon

The Roggenmuhme is associated with several weather phenomena. If the wind goes through the cornfield, the corn mother pulls over the corn or the corn women run through the corn. She is also the traveling woman or traveling mother in the whirlwind. The Roggenmuhme is out and about with her mastiffs in the whirlwind.

Thunderclouds are named after her as old women or rainmothers. The Roggenmuhme is also known as the Regenmuhme.

Roggenmuhme as a midday spirit

The Roggenmuhme occurs especially in the midday between 12:00 and 13:00 o'clock, in an hour that is dialectically called in the Unter or Onnern . Therefore she is called midday woman, midday mother, sub-mother, Untermuhme, Enongermur, Enungeschmor, Enongeschmor, Enongermoer or Einuhrsmutter. Whom she meets in the fields at noon, she kills him or frightens him with strange sayings. If she finds women who have recently given birth in bed between 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m. and between 6:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m., she does their field work. If she does not find the women who have recently given birth in bed at the specified time, then there is a misfortune.

Roggenmuhme as a child fright

The Roggenmuhme is particularly often mentioned as a child fright. Your activities as a child horror are extremely diverse.

In their legend No. 90 Die Roggenmuhme the Brothers Grimm tell that the Roggenmuhme exchanges human children for changeling but brings back the right child if the changeling is not nursed. Elsewhere it is said that she stole illegitimate children at midnight.

The Roggenmuhme lies in wait in the field for all those children who want to pick cornflowers . After the cornflower, she is also called the cornflower woman, Krullmoer, Krüllkemoer, Krullkesmouder, Krüllkesmutter, Tremsenmutter, Tremsemutter, Trensemutter, Trimpsen Mutter or Trämssemutter.

It also attracts children into the field and is called Ziehmuhme or Kindelmuhme. It especially attracts with its waves. Children are also kidnapped by her by putting them in her sack or basket. She takes kidnapped children under her wide, billowing skirts or takes them to the "realm of roots". The Roggenmuhme also pulls children to her with an iron oven crutch and has them guarded by a toad . She leads the children astray in the field, lets them starve to death or comes with her elves and lays the children on flower pillows, whereupon they fall asleep and no longer wake up. The latter is more reminiscent of fairies . The Roggenmuhme appears as a witch when she hexes children or has the evil eye , as a nightmare when she sends evil spirits to disobedient children in bed at night.

Often children have to suckle at the rye muhme's already mentioned deadly breasts or they are hit around the ears. Otherwise they will also be pressed against the Roggenmuhme's breasts and thereby die. She generally crushes children in her embrace. The Roggenmuhme also crouches in the grain in the form of a wolf and is accompanied by little dogs who lure children into their iron embrace. She is also considered the mother of the rye wolves that eat the children. The name Wolffrau is reminiscent of both. She also feeds children to her burning horned cattle.

The Roggenmuhme follows the children on horseback or runs like a horse herself. In the latter case, she chases children to death in races. She can also fly and thus brings the children to the sea to drown them there. If she speaks to children, they must die.

The Roggenmuhme requires children to eat tar-coated bread. If they don't agree, then they cut their heads off. She also smeared children with tar from a bottle or smeared their eyes with tar. But she also scratches out children’s eyes or blows out their eyesight, just as the wild huntress Frau Holle / Perchta does. The Roggenmuhme strangles children, turns their necks or heads off, and also cuts off their necks or noses and ears. She also beheads children with a sickle. Therefore the Roggenmuhme is also called Sichelweib, Sichelfrau, Sichelmuhme, Sichelhals, Zekelwief and Secherwief. She also uses a knife or saw for the same purpose. She mows the children's legs with the scythe. Fingers are also cut off. Generally speaking, the Roggenmuhme tears off children's legs.

The Roggenmuhme ties children into a bundle with a thread or ties the children to a twine and then beats them up. She pinches children with iron tongs or uses a pincer. She pricks children with pikes, of which she has three, one in the head and one in each hand. The Roggenmuhme also sticks with stalks or hits children in the heels.

The Roggenmuhme carries a rod or whip in her hand, which is to be regarded as a lightning rod. She also has a scepter or an iron shoe . Children are beaten with this or an iron scourge. She puts children in the nail barrel and rolls them around in it, or drags them into a cave and crushes them there with the meat machine . Otherwise she also crushes the children in an iron churn . It bears the names Buttermuhme, Bottermäumk or Putterlusche.

The Roggenmuhme bites and eats children too. In order to get to children, she lays foot-traps. She slaughters and devours the children or kills and roasts them with the help of her burning breasts and fingers. The Roggenmuhme also throws children into a kettle with hot water or sucks their blood out of them.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wilhelm Mannhardt: Die Korndämonen: Contribution to Germanic morality. Bremen 2014, p. 19.
  2. ↑ a b c Wilhelm Mannhardt: Die Korndämonen: Contribution to Germanic morality. Bremen 2014, p. 21.
  3. ^ A b c d e Wilhelm Mannhardt: Die Korndämonen: Contribution to Germanic morality. Bremen 2014, p. 22.
  4. ↑ a b Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon . Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 47.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 26.
  6. ^ Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 48.
  7. ↑ a b c d Jacob Grimm: German Mythology. Wiesbaden 2014, p. 370.
  8. ↑ a b c Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 52.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wilhelm Mannhardt: Die Korndämonen: Contribution to Germanic morality. Bremen 2014, p. 20.
  10. ↑ a b c d Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 22.
  11. ^ Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 15.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 36.
  13. ↑ a b Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 16.
  14. ↑ a b c d e f Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 40.
  15. ↑ a b Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 43.
  16. ↑ a b c Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 44.
  17. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 49.
  18. ↑ a b c d Wilhelm Mannhardt: Roggenwolf and Roggenhund in Germanic customs. Leipzig 2010, p. 46.
  19. ^ Wilhelm Grimm, Jacob Grimm: Deutsche Sagen . Hamburg 2014, p. 135.
  20. ↑ a b Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 19.
  21. ↑ a b c d e f Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 41.
  22. ↑ Jacob Grimm: German Mythology . Wiesbaden 2014, p. 1041.
  23. ↑ a b c d e f g Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 20.
  24. ↑ a b Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 39.
  25. ↑ a b c Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 18.
  26. ↑ a b c d e Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 31.
  27. ^ Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon . Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 21.
  28. ↑ a b Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 50.
  29. ↑ a b c d e Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 17.
  30. ^ Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 38.
  31. ↑ a b c Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 53.
  32. ^ Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 21.
  33. ↑ a b c d e f g h Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 55.
  34. ^ Wilhelm Grimm, Jacob Grimm: Deutsche Sagen. Hamburg 2014, p. 134.
  35. ↑ a b c Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 32.
  36. ↑ a b Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 33.
  37. ^ Wilhelm Grimm, Jacob Grimm: Deutsche Sagen. Hamburg 2014, p. 134 f.
  38. ^ Wilhelm Mannhardt: Roggenwolf and Roggenhund in Germanic customs. Leipzig 2010, p. 46 f.
  39. ^ Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 42.
  40. ↑ a b Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 54.
  41. ^ Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 37.
  42. ^ Richard Beitl: Investigations into the mythology of the child: edited by Bernd Rieken and Michael Simon. Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2007, p. 35.
  43. ^ Wilhelm Mannhardt: Die Korndämonen: Contribution to Germanic morality. Bremen 2014, p. 20 f.