Red Schnabeltoko
| Red Schnabeltoko | ||||||||||
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Red-billed Toko ( Tockus erythrorhynchus ), male |
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| Tockus erythrorhynchus | ||||||||||
| ( Temminck , 1823) |
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The Rotschnabeltoko ( Tockus erythrorhynchus ), also Northern Rotschnabeltoko called one's bird art that the hornbills belongs (Bucerotidae) and occurs in many parts of Africa. Originally five subspecies were differentiated, but now all species status has been granted.
The population of the red-billed coconut was classified in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2016 as “ Least Concern (LC) ” = “not endangered”.
features
The Rotschnabeltoko reaches a body length of up to 35 centimeters and is one of the smaller Tokos. The male's beak is between 7.3 and 9.7 centimeters. The beak is slightly smaller in the females with 5.9 to 7.4 centimeters. Males weigh between 172 and 185 grams, the females weigh between 120 and 140 grams.
male
The males are dark gray on the crown and neck, the neck and face are white. The ear covers are dashed gray and separated from the vertex by a wide white eyelid. The back is soot-brown and becomes even darker in the direction of the upper tail covers. There is a white line drawing in the middle of the back. The two middle pairs of the total of 10 pairs of control springs are black, the remaining eight pairs are black at the base and then cross-banded in white and black. The underside of the body is white. The wings are black with white spots in the middle, the outer wings are black and also have white spots. The inner wings are almost completely white. The wing covers are soot-brown with large white spots in the middle, the feathers of the middle wing cover are almost completely white. The beak is red with a narrow yellow base. The lower bill is black from the base to almost the middle. A horn is almost completely absent, there is only a narrow elevation on the upper beak. The featherless orbital ring and the bare throat skin are creamy yellow to pale pink. The eyes are brown, the legs and feet are sooty brown.
Females and young birds
The females resemble the males in body plumage, but are smaller overall. The beak is red, the lower beak is not half black as in the male, but has only a single black spot.
Young birds are colored like the adult birds, but their beak is much smaller and uniformly brown-yellow. Black markings on the beak are still completely missing. The eyes are initially gray, they only turn brown later.
voice
Gurgling sounds are typical of the red beaked tobacco. These are expressed at a greater distance if he only has to keep in contact with conspecifics. They increase in intensity when the toko is aroused. Revieranzeigende calls sound kok-kok-kok-kokok-kokok-kokok . They make screeching noises when they feel alarmed by a bird of prey.
Possible confusion
There are several species from the genus of the Tokos with which it can be confused in the large distribution area of the red-billed coconut .
The Monteiro Toko has the greatest resemblance to the Red-billed Toko . However, this is larger and has a darker head and neck and more white components in the control feathers. The Monteiro Toko's voice is also darker. The eastern and southern yellow-billed toko also have similar body plumage, but have yellow beaks. They're also bigger. The ceiling toko has no spots on the wing covers, the males have a red-yellow beak, the females a black beak. The Jackson toko, closely related to the blanket toko and long classified as its subspecies, has teardrop-shaped, white-spotted wings, and its beak is orange.
distribution
The distribution area of the red-billed coconut stretches in a broad band from southern Mauritania, Gambia, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, the south of Mali and the north of the Ivory Coast via Burkina Faso, Nigeria to Ethiopia and Somalia, Kenya, the east of Uganda and Tanzania.
The red-billed tooko occurs south of the Sahara in tree and thorn bush savannahs and in dry acacia and mopane forests , sometimes also in semi-deserts.
food
The diet consists of insects , fruits and seeds, which are mostly ingested on the ground. Fruits and invertebrates play a major role in the food spectrum, especially in summer. In winter it mainly takes up seeds. Dung beetles play an important role in the diet, and locusts, termites, ants and fly maggots are also eaten. They also eat small lizards, plunder the nests of bloodbeak weavers and red-bellied shrike , whose eggs and nestlings they eat. They also go to carrion.
Red-billed tookos also dig for food with their powerful beak. During the rainy season, 35 percent of the food requirement is covered, during the dry season up to 65 percent. Loose soil, leaves and the droppings of large mammals are examined. Unlike many other Took species, the red beak does not actively pursue prey.
Reproduction
Red-billed tookos usually come in pairs or small family groups. During periods of drought, however, troops may form, which can comprise several hundred individuals in places with good food supply, such as near watering points. The tokos gather there in the early morning, but return to their territories at night and use their traditional resting places there. When food is very scarce, such groups of red-billed coconut also go on hikes.
The entire breeding cycle from the closing of the breeding cavity by the female until the fledglings leave the fledglings lasts 65 to 99 days. Of this, 23 to 25 days are spent on incubating the eggs and 39 to 50 days for the nestling period. The female stays in the closed brood cavity for three to 24 days before the first egg-laying. It goes through moulting during the breeding cycle.
The female lays three to six eggs in a tree hole, which it closes with clay, manure and pulp. Only a one-inch-wide opening is left that is just big enough for the male to pass through food for the female and chicks. The laying interval between the individual eggs is one to six days, and the nestlings hatch accordingly asynchronously. To keep the cave clean, the droppings are thrown outside through the opening. If the chicks, together with the mother, become too big for the cave, the latter breaks the seal and leaves the cave. The nestlings then make the closure again and both parents feed the young.
attitude
Red-billed tokos are occasionally shown in zoological gardens. They have already reached the age of 18 there.
literature
- W. Grummt , H. Strehlow (Ed.): Zoo animal keeping birds. Verlag Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-8171-1636-2 .
- Alan Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 0-19-857729-X .
- Barlow, Wacher, Disley: Birds of The Gambia. ISBN 1-873403-32-1 .
- T. Barlow et al. W. Wisniewski: Kosmos Nature Travel Guide - Southern Africa. Franckh-Kosmos, 1998 ISBN 3-440-07665-2 .
Web links
- Tockus erythrorhynchus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2014 Posted by: BirdLife International, 2015. Retrieved on 3 October 2016th
- Videos, photos and sound recordings for Tockus erythrorhynchus in the Internet Bird Collection
- The Red-beaked Toko calls on Xeno-Canto
Single receipts
- ↑ Tockus erythrorhynchus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2016 Posted by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved on 3 October 2017th
- ↑ Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes. P. 132.
- ↑ Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes. P. 131.
- ↑ Calls of the red-billed coconut on Xeno-Canto , accessed on October 3, 2016.
- ↑ a b c Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes. P. 133.
- ↑ Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes. P. 134.
- ↑ W. Grummt, H. Strehlow (Ed.): Zoo animal keeping birds. P. 548.