Runet
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An IT infrastructure that is currently being set up in Russia is named as Sovereign RuNet , which can filter content via state-controlled nodes . Transition points to the global network can be restricted or switched off if necessary, so that a defacto intranet is created for Russia. According to a law that came into force on November 1, 2019, Russian Internet service providers must create the technical conditions for this and place their servers under the supervision of the Roskomnadzor authority. According to the government of the Russian Federation , this is intended to protect the Russian network from cyber attacks . Critics fear controls and further restrictions on freedom of expression .
Chronology and Background
Due to the controlled media , the Internet in Russia was the place of criticism and the organization of protests, and the sovereign Runet, which is actually advertised as protection against threats from outside, is also directed against this. The images of demonstrations in Ingushetia had already been suppressed in 2018 by switching off the mobile communications services, and in 2019 the mobile Internet was only usable to a limited extent during the protests in Moscow. With the sovereign runet, information that cannot be controlled by the Kremlin becomes more controllable, which also increases the restriction of expressions of opinion due to several vaguely worded laws.
For the first time, a draft was introduced to the Duma in December 2018 , which provides for the separation of the IT infrastructure in Russia in the event of an attack from abroad. According to the RBK , the draft was approved by President Vladimir Putin . It was adopted in first reading in February 2019. 334 MPs voted for, 47 against.
In February 2019, a working group ( MegaFon , VimpelCom (Beeline brand), MTS, Rostelecom and others, chaired by InfoWatch President Natalia Kasperskaya) recommended testing to make adjustments for the second reading.
In a survey in April 2019, 52 percent of respondents were against the law and 23 percent were in favor.
The law came into force on November 1st, 2019.
IT infrastructure
The aim of the conversion to the Runet is to be able to route all internal Russian Internet traffic via exchange nodes and servers in Russia. these are controlled by the media regulator Roskomnadzor. A separate domain system for Russia, which is independent from the rest of the world and does not follow the Domain Name System (DNS), was developed.
In addition to the supervisory authority for telecommunications and Russian media Roskomnadzor, the domestic secret service FSB is to be responsible for controlling the IT infrastructure . In the event of a cyber attack, the Russian telecommunications regulator Roskomnadzor should take over central control of the "RuNet". For this purpose, a separate domain name system should be set up beforehand. It was known that Roskomnadzor had blacklists of unwanted websites. In addition to blocking content, there is also the possibility of slowing down the flow of data.
The technical implementation of the law is questioned by IT experts. It is questionable whether the network then equipped with DPI devices will remain stable. In Russia there are several thousand providers, so the practical implementation is much more difficult than, for example, in China, which has only a few connections to other networks.
Web links
- TV2 - The banned TV channel goes online. In: arte.tv. Retrieved November 2, 2019 .
- dpa / mak: “Runet”: “The worst can be expected” - Russia creates its own “state internet”. In: welt.de . November 1, 2019, accessed November 2, 2019 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Operators reported on the test results of the "Sovereign Runet" , RBK , February 10, 2020
- ↑ heise online: RuNet: Russia creates its own "state internet". Retrieved January 20, 2020 .
- ↑ In Russia, the law on "sovereign runet" has come into force , RBK , November 1, 2019; "All telecommunications operators in the country must install special devices in their networks provided by Roskomnadzor. In the event of threats to the integrity, stability and security of the Internet, Roskomnadzor can manage the routing of traffic through these devices. The device also filters and restricts traffic Allow users to access sources banned in Russia. A list of nodes must be compiled and restrictions on connection of communication networks to such points will be introduced. Communication network owners, Internet companies and other market participants should take part in exercises that take place once a year . A national system of domain names is to be set up by January 1, 2021 "
- ↑ heise online: Reporters Without Borders: Internet in Russia in danger. Retrieved January 20, 2020 .
- ↑ a b If you want to be sure, you don't say anything anymore , Tages-Anzeiger, November 1, 2019
- ↑ Digital Iron Curtain , netzpolitik.org, November 20, 2019
- ↑ RuNet: Russia wants to separate itself from the global network as a test. In: Spiegel Online . February 12, 2019, accessed November 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Thielko Grieß: Russia - Moscow strengthens control over the Internet. In: deutschlandfunk.de. November 1, 2019, accessed November 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Атака изнутри: операторы протестируют закон об устойчивости Рунета. Retrieved January 20, 2020 .
- ↑ Majority of Russians Oppose 'Sovereign Internet' Bill - Poll , The Moscow Times, April 29, 2019
- ↑ Russian President Putin creates a "sovereign" Internet. In: dw.com. November 1, 2019, accessed November 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Russia: Another test for independent Internet. In: heise.de. December 23, 2019, accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ NDR: Putin: With Internet censorship to maintain power. Accessed January 31, 2020 .