Ruralization

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Under ruralisation (from the Latin: ruralis , "rural", "rural") refers to the (historically relatively rare) reversal of processes of urbanization (urbanization) in accordance with the United ländlichung or Ver Doerfli monitoring of cities . This process can affect entire societies, such as large parts of the Roman Empire and its successor states from the 4th to the 8th centuries. This process had been in preparation since the 3rd century, when the rich began to flee the cities. Ruralization can lead to the collapse of urban civilization and culture and is accompanied by a profound change in economic structures in the sense of reducing the degree of division of labor , replacing functioning markets with subsistence economies and the loss of functionality of cities as (long-distance) trading centers.

causes

Ruralization processes are triggered by the decline in labor productivity in agriculture and famine, wars and the consequences of war such as B. the destruction of cities and traffic routes, by immigration of peasant peoples such. During the migration of peoples , but also through rapid industrialization, as a result of which massive immigrant workers bring their rural behavior into the city, which is often the case today in developing and emerging countries .

Special forms

Ruralization: Soweto

In particular, the latter process of immigration to largely undestroyed and functional cities is referred to in sociology as intra-urban ruralization . What is meant is the advance of rural economic, settlement and living methods (allotment gardens, animal husbandry in the city, etc.) as well as the spread of rural forms of behavior and forms of social organization in the cities. The use of the term often implies a negative evaluation against the background of the normative (and Eurocentric) idea of ​​a clear separation of town and country. The same situation is also seen as a survival strategy for migrants or as a reaction to overurbanization .

As Rurbanisierung ( portmanteau of "rural" and "urban") processes of "Vervorstädterung" refer to operations which comply urbanization and ruralisation the scale so that metropolitan areas are no longer aligned to a center, but grow in the area. Many social and urban reform concepts of the industrialization period - e.g. B. the garden city movement - proceeded from a similar model of the loss of importance of the core city, which is sometimes called periurbanization (as in France, Switzerland and Belgium: périurbanization ), in Germany more often as exurbanization - urbanization with strengthening of the periphery , clear functional separation of living , Work, shopping, etc. and growth of the single-family home zones in the surrounding area.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Malte Steinbrink: Life between Country and City: Migration, Translocality and Vulnerability in South Africa. Springer, 2009, p. 38 f.
  2. ↑ Steinbrink 2009, p. 43 ff.
  3. ↑ E. Holzinger: Rurbanization II: Farewell to Space? Research report, Austrian Institute for Spatial Planning. Vienna 1997, ISBN 978-3-900475819
  4. ↑ ≫ Definition: urbanization, ruralization, rurbanization. Retrieved March 25, 2020 .
  5. ↑ B. Dézert, A. Metton, J. Steinberg: La périurbanisation en France. Paris 1991.