Sülchgau

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The Sülchgau was an early medieval district in the northeast of the former Bertholdsbaar . The geographical location of the Gau could have largely corresponded to today's Tübingen district in Baden-Württemberg and included at least the current places Kirchentellinsfurt , Rottenburg am Neckar , Ergenzingen and parts of the former church property in Dußlingen .

history

St. Meinrad, the saint from Sülchgau, on a historical illustration

The Sülchgau is mentioned for the first time as a Carolingian administrative district with the name "Sulihgeiuua" in the year 888 in a deed of donation from King Arnulf . The name of the Gaus probably derives from the place Sülchen near Rottenburg am Neckar, which was lost in the 13th century .

The Gau became known through the legend of the canonized Meinrad von Einsiedeln , which was written at the beginning of the 10th century by monks from St. Gallen based on an older life story of St. Meinrad. Saint Meinrad (around 800–861) is said to have come from the Alemannic Sülchgau as the son of noble noblemen. According to the same source, this Gau "Sulichkewe" is said to have been named from time immemorial after the Alemannic town of Sülchen, the "villa Sulichi".

In King Arnulf's deed of donation from the year 888, a Count Peringar and / or a Count Eparhard are named as counts whose comitate are said to have included the Sülchgau. Both counts cannot be precisely classified genealogically. Due to the continuity of names, they are usually attributed to the Unruochingers . In the late 10th and 11th centuries the Gau belonged to the county of the Hessonen . Possibly the Hessonen received areas in Sülchgau as compensation for area losses in Ortenau. In 1057, Heinrich IV donated the royal estate in Sülchen to the episcopal church in Speyer. They exchanged their newly acquired goods in Sülchgau with the Hirsau monastery or gave them to the Hessons as a fief. The fact that all areas in the Sülchgau were former royal estates, as had long been suspected, is now considered disputed.

After the Hessons had shifted their center of rule to Backnang and Wolfsölden Castle at the end of the 11th century , the last references to the Sülchgau as an independent district ended in the middle of the 12th century.

Since the 16th century, the former, small Gau has always attracted great interest from historians, as genealogists suspected an ancestor of the Counts of Zollern-Hohenberg in the house tradition of the Hohenzollern in St. Meinrad due to the worship of Meinrad . The lively research interest in the attempt to legitimize the then Prussian ruling house to trace its family tree back to the early Middle Ages, as well as the enthusiasm for the Middle Ages in the 19th century, led to the founding of the Sülchgauer Altertumsverein in 1852 and 1869 . Its historical publications still appear today under the name " Der Sülchgau ".

A collection of archaeological objects and further sources on the history of the former Sülchgau is located in the Sülchgau Museum in Rottenburg.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See: Michael Borgolte, "History of the Counties of Alemannia in Franconian Time", Sigmaringen 1984, p. 159. ISBN 3-7995-6691-0 , p. 159
  2. ↑ Wirtemberg document book . Volume I, No. 162. Stuttgart 1849, pp. 187 f. ( Digitized version , online edition )
  3. ↑ O. Holder-Egger (Ed.): "Vita Meginrati". In: "Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH), Scriptorum Tomi XV, Pars I", 1887, pp. 444-48: "praedictus vir (Meginratus) in Alemannia pago natus est, quem ex villa Sulichi Sulichkewe vocavit antiquitas." Possible translation: "The aforementioned man (Meinrat) was born in an Alemannic region, which in ancient times was named after the place Sülchen Sülchgau."
  4. ↑ See: Michael Borgolte: “The Counts of Alemannia in Merovingian and Carolingian times. Eine Prosopographie ”, Sigmaringen 1986, p. 66. ISBN 3-7995-7351-8

literature

  • Franz Quarthal: Saint Meinrad and the Sülchgau . In: Ulrich Sieber (Hrsg.): Place name research in southwest Germany. A balance sheet . University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-926269-31-6 , pp. 68-99.