Interphase
| Parent |
| Mitotic cell cycle |
| Subordinate |
| M / G1 transition G1 phase G1 / S transition S phase S / G2 transition G2 phase G2 / M transition |
| Gene Ontology |
|---|
| QuickGO |
The interphase is the section of the cell cycle of dividing active eukaryotic cells that lies between two nuclear divisions ( mitoses ). It usually lasts much longer than mitosis and can make up 90% of the entire cell cycle.
The interphase can be divided into 3 phases:
- In the G1 phase (G for English gap 'gap'), which follows directly from cell division (cytokinesis), there is cell growth and the formation of organelles with protein biosynthesis and RNA synthesis. Each chromosome still consists of a chromatid . This is the phase in which the cell reaches its typical nucleus-plasma ratio and performs its specific function until a certain nucleus-plasma ratio is exceeded.
- In the subsequent S-phase (synthesis phase) the replication of the DNA or the duplication of the chromatids takes place. Afterwards, each chromosome consists of two chromatids. In many cells, the centrosome is also doubled during this phase .
- In the G2 phase, RNA and cell division-specific proteins are synthesized and further growth occurs. The cell rounds off, enlarges through fluid intake and prepares for the next mitosis.
This is followed by the M phase in the cell cycle (mitosis including cytokinesis).
Under special circumstances, the cell can move from the G1 phase into a so-called resting phase, the G0 phase. The transition to a G0 phase is often reversible; Stem cells can remain in this phase for a very long time before they re-enter the cycle of cell division. However , if the cell specializes in the sense of a permanent differentiation , then in some cell types no further cell division takes place and the cell remains irreversibly in the G0 phase. An example of this are nerve cells .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Campbell & Reece : Biologie , spectrum academic publishing house, 6th ed.