Salmonellosis in pigs

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The salmonellosis of pigs is a systemic disease of the pig , mainly by the two Salmonella - serotypes of Salmonella enterica : S. enterica ssp. enterica ser. choleraesuis ( Salmonella choleraesuis ) and S. enterica ssp. enterica ser. Typhisuis ( Salmonella typhisuis ) is caused. 20% of salmonellosis in humans are attributed to these pathogens. Also S. enterica ssp. enterica ser. derby ( S. derby ) has adapted to the pig to some extent. Like all Salmonella infections, the disease is notifiable in Germany . In Austria monitoring is mandatory, in Switzerland it is one of the diseases to be controlled ( animal diseases of group 3).

distribution

S. choleraesuis is common in Eastern Europe , the USA and Asia . Within Germany it occurs mainly in the east, but hardly in the west. In addition to the domestic pig , the wild boar is also receptive.

S. typhisuis is generally not very common.

Far more dangerous for food hygiene are those pathogens that have no clinical significance in pigs, but can be dangerous for humans.

Clinical picture

Pig salmonellosis is a general septic disease and affects mainly weaners and runners up to 60 kg. Stress has a beneficial effect. Older pigs act as germ carriers, but usually do not get sick. The more the salmonella is adapted to the pig, the more severe the symptoms; Serovars that are not adapted mostly only cause diarrhea. There are immediately fatal, acute, latent and chronic forms. The following symptoms occur:

  • Fever ( S. choleraesuis )
  • Blue discoloration of the proboscis, the auricles and the abdominal wall ( S. choleraesuis )
  • Pneumonia (mostly S. choleraesuis )
  • diarrhea
  • Abortions

In principle, S. typhisuis diseases are of a more insidious nature.

diagnosis

The clinical suspicion must be confirmed by further examinations:

  • Enrichment on Rappaport medium ( S. choleraesuis )
  • Differentiation of the S. choleraesuis varieties America (hydrogen sulfide negative) and Kunzendorf (H antigen c missing)
  • biochemical differentiation of S. typhisuis and S. paratyphi C from S. choleraesuis (same H and O antigens)
  • Record of the population by ELISA screening, especially with a view to S. typhimurium, which is dangerous for humans .

Control and prophylaxis

  • Merzen of all sick and caring animals
  • Treatment of the population with antibiotics
  • Vaccination of all still healthy with a live vaccine (sows, piglets in the 4th week of life, runners) ⇒ closed vaccination cover
  • Classification of stocks according to salmonella classes; this is done through samples taken from the slaughtered animal in the slaughterhouse
  • Hygiene in all stages of production, from the piglet producer to the meat counter

source

  • Medical microbiology, infection and epidemic theory von Rolle / Mayr, Enke Verlag Stuttgart (2007)