Samel (drum)
Samel ( konkani ), also samēḷ, semēḷ, sambaḷ, is a tube drum played with sticks in the western Indian state of Goa . It is usually used together with the kettle drum ghumat, which consists of a clay pot, to accompany religious and folk songs.
Design
The samel is one of the cone drums, it consists of a wooden body in the shape of a truncated cone with clearly different sized edge diameters. Both sides are covered with thin goat skins, which are tied together by V-shaped strips of skin. The stripes run through holes in the edges of the skin and can be tightened to achieve the desired pitch. When playing, the drum rests with the smaller side vertically on a round, sufficiently high chair so that the musician can act while standing. He beats them with two thin sticks, 30 to 35 centimeters long. The length of the samel is between 25 and 35 centimeters, depending on its length it is classified as small, medium and large.
Occasionally the musician plays the samel with a larger drum in a set that is used in accordance with the widespread kettle drum pair naqqara or in Andhra Pradesh the pambai , which consists of two connected wooden tubes . The samel can stand next to the bayan , a deep-sounding metal kettle drum that usually forms the tabla drum pair with a dayan . The combination is called jod-samel , where iod means "pair", analogous to pawa jodi ("flute pair"), another name for the double flute surpava in Rajasthan .
How to play and spread
The samel , together with the ghumat and cymbals ( tal ), is used to accompany the vocals, with its fast, bright-sounding beats creating rhythmic decorations and the dark, rather muted ghumat providing the basic bars.
In the former presidency of Bombay, the samel is traditionally an accompanying instrument for the singing of various religious communities, such as the Bharadis, who recite heroic stories (in Maharashtra povada ) about the worship of Shiva in the form of the Nath cult on begging tours . The group name goes back to Marathi bharad , "recitation". In addition to the samel , the Bharadis play the single-stringed plucked drum, tuna and cymbals.
Aradhis is the name of another group of beggars singing religious songs who may come from the Brahmin - or any other caste and have placed themselves in the service of the fearful goddess Bhavani . The men and women who have joined this fraternally organized group say goodbye to their previous lives. Four or five people make music and dance with samel, tune and cymbals for alms.
On the occasion of the week-long Shigmo Spring Festival in March, numerous folk dances are performed in Goa. In the Talgadi dance, six to eight male dancers move to the accompaniment of samel, ghumat and cymbals ( zanj ). They are dressed in colorful dhotis and swing sticks in their hands.
literature
- Jonathan Katz: Sameḷ. In: Laurence Libin (Ed.): The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments . Vol. 4, Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 2014, p. 373
- Keyword: Samēḷ. In: Late Pandit Nikhil Ghosh (Ed.): The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Saṅgīt Mahābhāratī. Vol. 3 (P-Z) Oxford University Press, New Delhi 2011, pp. 922f
Web links
- Ghumat Arati-Yuge Atthavis.mpeg. Youtube video (in the foreground a samel and several ghumat )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Povada, Indian folk form. Indian Net Zone
- ↑ Kumar Suresh Singh (Ed.): People of India: Maharashtra. (Part One, Vol. XXX) Popular Prakashan, Mumbai 2004, p. 272, ISBN 81-7991-100-4
- ^ Reginald Edward Enthoven: The Tribes and Castes of Bombay. Government Central Press, Bombay 1922, p. 162; Reprint: Asian Educational Services, New Delhi 1990
- ↑ Enthoven, p. 42f
- ↑ Talgadi. Youtube video
- ↑ Rajendra P. Kerkar: Ghodemodni dance brings out the rich history of warfare. The Times of India, March 9, 2009