San Bartolomeo (Venice)
San Bartolomeo is a single-nave church on the Campo of the same name in Venice . According to legend, the church was founded in the sestiere of San Marco in 840, but it was repeatedly dependent on neighboring San Salvador. At the same time, it was one of the most important churches for the mostly German-speaking merchants from the empire who lived in the city and who furnished it extremely richly. The current church is a work of the early 18th century. It was a subsidiary church of San Salvador from 1810 until it was rededicated as a secular cultural site in the 1980s.
In contrast to the bell tower that can be seen from afar, San Bartolomeo is barely visible because the church is surrounded by palaces on all four sides. In the church there are two sculptures by Heinrich Meyring († 1723) the painting Caduta della manna by Sante Peranda (1566–1638), then Castigo dei serpenti by Jacopo Palma the Younger and the main altar by Bernardino Maccarucci (1728–1798). Next to the presbytery and in the right chapel there are frescoes by Michelangelo Morlaiter , the son of the sculptor Giovanni Maria Morlaiter, born in 1729 .
history
According to tradition, the parish church was first consecrated to Demetrios of Thessaloniki in 840 . However, it did not appear in the sources for the first time until 1083. It was only consecrated to the current namesake in 1170 with the new building.
In the middle of the 12th century, the canons of neighboring San Salvatore got involved in the "Venetian investiture controversy" and the struggle between Venice and Byzantium on the one hand and the Pope and the Normans on the other. In 1144/45 the Dandolo were about to be driven out. After the end of the open war between Venice and the Normans, however, the relationship between church and state should be clarified from 1149. Domenico Morosini even swore that he would no longer interfere in church affairs and in elections. However, prelates no longer played a role in the Venetian state. In order to ensure peace between the Dandolo and the Polani of San Luca, a marriage was arranged between Andrea Dandolo, a brother of the future Doge Enrico Dandolo , and Primera Polani, a niece of the former Doge Pietro Polani . Only then was the interdict lifted and the Dandolo were able to return to Venice in 1150 or 1151. When the canons of San Salvatore returned, despite the support of the influential Badoer, they were exposed to violent hostility, which culminated in fatal attacks. But this also led to the fact that now San Bartolomeo benefited from the enormous donations of the wealthy families, who withdrew their donations from San Salvatore. But with Enrico Dandolo as doge from 1192 onwards, the disputes diminished, so that in 1198 San Salvatore's canons even managed to gain control of San Bartolomeo.
In the middle of the 13th century, a decade-long legal dispute ensued. This was again related to the neighboring San Salvador Church, which had been withdrawn from the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Castello. Lucius III. solved the problem by subordinating San Bartolomeo to the canons of San Salvador, but brought about Innocent III. that the Church was returned to the world clergy. The dispute could not be ended until 1299, when the parties had agreed on the municipal boundaries and the allocation of the tithe, which the procurators of San Marco had to collect and distribute.
The Pope handed San Bartolomeo over to the Patriarch of Grado in 1342 by making San Bartolomeo a subsidiary church of San Silvestro . But in 1451 the patriarchate was abolished by the Bull Regis aeterni and jurisdiction and its other rights went to the Patriarchate of Venice . These rights also included the appointment of the parish priest who, due to the continuing affiliation with San Silvestro, retained a number of obligations and had to pay taxes. In the 16th century, the church was considered open to Reformation ideas. In any case, for several centuries the church was an important meeting point for the merchants from the empire who settled in the Fondaco dei Tedeschi , especially for baptisms and funerals. The furnishings were accordingly splendid.
A first bell tower was probably built in 1170, but after the earthquake of 1688 it was rebuilt under the direction of Giovanni Scalfarotto from 1747 to 1754 with an onion dome on an octagonal ground based on the model of the Campanile by Santi Apostoli .
In 1806 Napoleon had , in addition to 60 monasteries and a total of 24 churches, also San Bartolomeo abolished and his municipality surrendered to San Salvador, while San Bartolomeo became a vicariate church . As a result of the Napoleonic decrees, not only did the art market collapse under the massive sale of works of art, but also 70 of the once 187 churches were demolished.
Long neglected, the church was desecrated in the 1980s and has served secular purposes ever since, initially as an art gallery and then, after extensive restoration, as a venue for concerts.
Web links
- San Bartolomeo. San Bartolomeo. Giovanni Scalfarotto 1723 , The Churches of Venice by Jeff Cotton
Remarks
- ↑ Alessandro De Lillo: Meyring, Heinrich , in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani , Vol. 74 (2010).
- ↑ Stefano L'Occaso: Peranda, Sante , in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani , vol. 82 (2015).
- ↑ Maccarucci, Bernardino , treccani.it
- ↑ This and the following from: Parrocchia di San Bartolomeo, Venezia , Sistema Informativo Unificato per le Soprintendenze Archivistiche.
- ^ San Bartolomeo , Giovanni Scalfarotto 1723.
- ^ Thomas F. Madden: Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice , The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003, pp. 33-35.
- ^ Alvise Zorzi: Venezia scomparsa , Milan 1972.
Coordinates: 45 ° 26 ′ 15 ″ N , 12 ° 20 ′ 11 ″ E