Sata Ineko

Sata Ineko ( Japanese 佐 多 稲 子 , also: Kubokawa Ineko ( 窪 川 稲 子 ) and Tajima Ine ( 田島 い ね ), actually: Sata Ine ( 佐 多 イ ネ ); * June 1, 1904 in Nagasaki ; † October 12, 1998 ) was a Japanese Writer.

Life

At the time of her birth, both parents were high school students, which made the registration in the Koseki complex. She lost her mother in 1911. Before graduating from elementary school, she went to Tokyo with her father and grandmother , where she worked in a candy factory. She later processed the experiences of this time in the work Kyarameru-kōba kara ( From the candy factory ), with which she made the breakthrough. Then she took on various jobs (waitress, saleswoman).

After her first marriage failed, she worked in a cafe in Hongō (Tokyo) , met Nakano Shigeharu and Hori Tatsuo , who worked on Roba ( donkey ) magazine , and began writing. She married Kubokawa Tsurujirō in 1926 , who was also a contributor to Roba . Therefore, she first published her works under the name Kubokawa Ineko. In 1928 she published Aus der Bonbonfabrik and was recognized as the new author of proletarian literature . She also participated in the publication of Hataraku Fujin ( Working Woman ) magazine .

When the proletarian literary movement stagnated because of the oppression and she became estranged from her husband, she wrote Kurenai ( Scarlet , 1936), in which she also traced her own problems as a woman in a world determined by men. But as the war intensified, it became a problem that she insisted on her stance of resistance to authority, and it came to be influenced by the zeitgeist. That included visits to the front, and she wrote works that were in keeping with the zeitgeist. Some of these texts were later not included in the complete edition.

After the war, she separated from Kubokawa and made Sata Ineko her author's name. Since her work was questioned during the war, she was 　not a founder when the New Japan Literature Society was founded , but took an active role from the start.

She also worked with people like Miyamoto Yuriko to found the Women's Democratic Association and contributed to post-war democratization. But she suffered from the relationship with the Communist Party of Japan , such as the 1950 problem and the deterioration in relations between the Soviet and Japanese parties, which eventually led to her exclusion. Her oeuvre includes works such as Watashi no Tōkyō Chizu ( My Map of Tokyo , 1946) and Haguruma ( Zahnräder , 1958), which describe her experiences and activities before the war, but also numerous works such as Yoru no Kioku ( Memory of the Night , 1955), Keiryū ( Gebirgsbach , 1963) or Sozō ( Die Plastik , 1966), which, based on their experiences, describe the circumstances of the Communist Party after the war.

In addition to the works, which have their own experience as material, she often described the different problems women had after the war, which was published continuously in women's magazines or weekly newspapers and also appeared as a film or television series.

She also actively participated in social activities and played an important role in providing assistance to the defendants in the Matsukawa incident . This commitment did not decrease into old age, and she also continued her social expressions.

Awards

• 1963 for the women's hostel ( Onna no Yado ) the 2nd prize for women’s literature
• 1972 for tree shade ( Juei ) the 25th Noma literature prize
• 1976 for In the time standing still 11 ( Toki ni tatsu 11 ) the 3rd Kawabata Yasunari Literature Prize
• 1983 for Signs of Summer ( Natsu no Shiori ) the 25th Mainichi Art Prize
• 1983 the Asahi Prize for her longstanding work as a writer and her contribution to contemporary literature
• 1985 for the Feast of the Moon ( Tsuki no En ) the 37th Yomiuri Literature Prize (essay, travel report)

Translations of their works

• Sata, Ineko: scarlet red . Iudicium, Munich 1990. ISBN 3-89129-303-8
• Sata, Ineko: your own heart . In: Yoshida-Krafft, Barbara (ed.): Women in Japan . DTV, Munich 1989. ISBN 3-423-11039-2
• Sata, Ineko: Sooner or later . In: Eisenhofer-Halim, Hannelore & Pörtner, Peter (ed.): Seductive bracken . Konkursbuchverlag, Tübingen 1999. ISBN 3-88769-077-X

Quotes

• The girls stood on the held floor for the full day at work. Until they got used to it, they dragged their legs like stiff sticks; they suffered from difficulty breathing and had attacks of dizziness. Some of them were so frozen when it got evening that they doubled over with bulging pain. They were all wrapped around their waist bands and were wearing Father's old underpants, tied tightly. ( From the candy factory , in: Das große Japan-Lesebuch , Goldmann Verlag, Munich 1990, p. 73)

literature

• Hilaria Gössmann: Women in Japanese Literature. Sata Ineko and her work from 1920 to 1970 . Studienverlag Brockmeyer, Bochum 1985. ISBN 3-88339-471-8
• Hilaria Gössmann: Writing as Liberation. Autobiographical novels and short stories by women authors of the Proletarian Literature Movement of Japan . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1996, (Iaponia Insula Volume 4). ISBN 3-447-03844-6
• Reinold Ophüls: Politics and Literature. Sata Ineko as a political writer in the democratic literary movement from 1945 to 1966 . In: Japanese Studies . Volume 1, 1989, pp. 297-319.
• (EN) Kusakabe, Madoka. " Sata Ineko and Hirabayashi Taiko: The Café and Jokyû as a Stage for Social Criticism " (PhD thesis) ( Archive ( Memento from November 2, 2014 on WebCite )). September 2011. Department of East Asian Languages ​​and Literatures and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Snapshots of Modern Japanese Literature. Edited by Jürgen Berndt and Hiroomi Fukuzawa, Berlin, Silver & Goldstein, 1990, p. 18, ISBN 3-927463-10-8

Web links

• Literature by and about Sata Ineko in the catalog of the German National Library
• Reviews of Sata Ineko's works
• Obituary in the "Independent" (Engl.)

Japanese name: As is common in Japan, the family name comes before the first name in this article . So Sata is the family name, Ineko the first name.