List of skull collections
The list of skull collections is intended to include the world's skull collections.
In particular, the skull (shape, size, etc. but also body type, etc.) should (d) s science and a. to serve
- to find out whether one can recognize criminals by their skull and then to punish them no longer for their act, but directly as (possible) perpetrators or to punish them more severely than people who let themselves be tempted to commit a crime by the circumstances;
- to prove the racial superiority or inferiority,
- determine people's intelligence; etc.
In order to check these “theories”, a lot of skulls / body parts were required, which soon could no longer be obtained “naturally” (cemeteries, those sentenced to death, anatomical institutes etc.). Skulls and / or skeletons were in demand on the world market - and also delivered: For example, the Australian Aborginees were killed by the thousands and then the ordered body parts were collected and sent to Europe etc., where they were included in a wide variety of collections (despite the religious taboos of the natives who are still trying to get the skulls etc. of their ancestors back from the relevant collections in order to bury them properly).
Human skull
| collection | description | country |
|---|---|---|
| Franz Tappeiner | A skull collection created by him is now in the Natural History Museum in Vienna . | Austria |
| Gabriel from Max | The scientific collection of Gabriel von Max comprised more than 60,000 objects that Max had collected since his youth, including one of the largest skull collections of his time. It includes the areas of prehistory, anthropology, zoology and ethnography. In 1917, the city of Mannheim succeeded in purchasing the entire collection. In 1935 around 500 objects from the skull collection were sent to the University of Freiburg as part of a collection exchange. | Germany |
| Emil Ludwig Schmidt | Teaching collection of macroscopic specimens at the Institute for Anatomy ("Skull Gallery") with an extensive anthropological skull collection; later merged with the Carus Collection. Today both collections are in the Leipzig anatomy. The skull collection includes: 1068 skulls from 5 continents, 135 mummy heads, 60 prehistoric skull casts from the Schmidt collection and 170 skulls and plaster casts from the Carus collection. | Germany |
| Rollett Museum | Gall's skull collection in Baden near Vienna by Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828) | Austria |
| Frank Wall | Back in England, Wall donated his holotypes and skull collection to the Natural History Museum . | England |
| Museum anatomicum | of the Philipps University of Marburg. One room contains a "racial skull collection" designed to demonstrate phrenological differences between the various ethnic groups. | Germany |
| Hans Weinert | From the beginning of 1928 he started a skull collection at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics (KWI). | Germany |
| Samuel George Morton | anatomical collection with over 1000 skulls (To prove that the "indigenous races" of North America had not made it to any civilization and were also incapable of adopting the Anglo-Saxon culture. Represented the separate creation of the different races.) | United States |
| Georg-August-University Goettingen | Blumenbach skull collection. | Germany |
| California Academy of Sciences | Skull collection | USA, California |
| Cesare Lombroso | In Italy today (2010) descendants of people whose skulls are on display in Lombroso's extensive skull collection in Turin demand their return and dignified burial. | Italy |
| Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen | Skull collection | Germany |
| Hyrtl Skull Collection | In the Mothers Museum | USA (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) |
| Strasbourg skull collection | August Hirt tried a skull or skeleton collection (skeleton collection for the "Reich University of Strasbourg") with u. a. also to rebuild murdered Jewish concentration camp prisoners on his behalf: “There are extensive collections of skulls from almost all races and peoples. Only from the Jews are so few skulls available to science that their processing does not permit any reliable results. The war in the east now offers us the opportunity to remedy this shortcoming. (...) " | Collection was not realized for technical reasons. |
| Stockholm Ethnographic Museum | Australian Aboriginal skeletons returned in 2007/2008 | Sweden (Stockholm) |
| Lund University | collection | Sweden (Lund) |
| Godeffroy Museum | “Godeffroy repeatedly asked her in letters to send skeletons of Aborigines as well. These are "very important for ethnology". It was not just about science, of course: the merchant offered Aboriginal heads in his catalog. The skull of a native from Rockhampton, Australia, cost 600 silver groschen - the human head was listed in a catalog from 1874 next to a bat skeleton. " | Germany (Hamburg) Collection dissolved / sold |
| Charité | “So far, the Berlin Charité has identified 18 skulls from Australian aborigines, most of which were brought to Germany in 1881. In November 2008 the Charité - the first scientific institution in Germany - signed an agreement with Australia, according to which the heads should be returned "for a dignified burial". "We are now waiting for the signal that we can start repatriation," says Charité spokeswoman Claudia Peter. " | Germany Berlin) |
| Dresden | Over 4,000 human bones are stored in the Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden. They go back to the Carus collection and were supplemented by expeditions by AB Meyer (Polynesia), Hantsch (Northern Canada) and other collectors | |
| Leipzig | The skull collection today comprises 1,068 skulls from five continents, 135 mummy heads, 60 prehistoric skull casts and 170 skulls and plaster casts from the Carl Carus collection. |
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Gerhard Fischer: 600 groschen per skull. Süddeutsche Zeitung , No. 46, July 13, 2009, accessed on January 5, 2012 (Aborigines and the white grave robbers).
- ↑ Dr. Claudia Maicher: Small question from the MPs Dr. Claudia Maicher, parliamentary group. Retrieved February 19, 2017 .
- ^ Ingrid Wustmann: On the development of anthropological research at the Museum of Ethnology and its institutional predecessors in Dresden . In: Treatises and reports of the Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden, Forschungsstelle; 39: 272-282 (1982) .
- ↑ Teaching collection of macroscopic specimens at the Institute for Anatomy. Retrieved February 19, 2017 .