Shooting house (Heilbronn)
The shooting house is a Rococo building in Heilbronn . The building, which was built around 1770, has the name Schießhaus from its original use as a shooting house ; it was also the hall building of the Heilbronn horse market , which was founded at the same time . The building has always been owned by the city of Heilbronn and has already served a wide variety of purposes.
history
The shooting scene in Heilbronn goes back to the Middle Ages. As early as the 16th century, shooting competitions were held and rules for shooting were issued. The first Heilbronn rifle house was on the left bank of the Neckar near the bridge gate. It was destroyed in the Thirty Years War, then rebuilt as a military hospital, used again as a rifle house in 1667 and destroyed again at the beginning of the 18th century. A new rifle house was built near the crane quickly, but it fell victim to the expansion of the city fortifications as early as 1734/1735.
Today's shooting house on Frankfurter Strasse , like its predecessor buildings, was outside the city walls, namely on the Hammelwasen fairground . It was built from 1769 to 1771 under the building officer Georg Heinrich von Roßkampff based on designs by Johann Christoph Keller as a two-storey hall building in the Rococo style. Shooting ranges were laid behind the building. In addition to rifle festivals, the Heilbronn horse market has also taken place on the Hammelwasen since 1770 .
After the end of the imperial city period, the building served different purposes. In 1813 it was a quarantine station for the Württemberg soldiers returning from the Russian campaign in 1812 . In 1816 the site was the festival site of the Heilbronner Harmoniegesellschaft, and in 1827 the Heilbronn trade exhibition took place there. Song festivals were held there in 1840 and 1851, a gymnastics festival in 1846 and revolutionary popular assemblies in 1848 and 1849. In 1865 the shooting of the Neckar circle was held here, in 1874 and 1888 the Württemberg state shooting. In the late 19th century, the city had expanded around the building to the west, the station suburb was created. Larger shooting ranges had to be set up elsewhere for the shooters' ever-increasing firearms, which meant that the shooting range lost its function. In 1929 there were considerations to demolish the shooting house, against which the Heilbronn district group of the Swabian Heimatbund campaigned successfully.
The building was largely spared from being destroyed by the air raid on Heilbronn in December 1944 and other damage during the Second World War. From March to November 1946, the basement housed the Heilbronner Voice editorial office , later the Heilbronn City Library moved into the building. The ballroom on the upper floor served as an emergency church and council chamber in the post-war period.
This 120 m² hall on the upper floor is particularly impressive because of its stucco work . They were executed in 1785 by the Mannheim plasterer Johann Sigismund Hezel and show the allegories of the four seasons, trade, handicrafts, hunting and agriculture. The overlay includes paintings by the theater painter Sebastian Holzhey from Stuttgart, which depict allegorical landscapes.
Frankfurter Strasse was moved to a higher level in the 19th century, among other things for reasons of flood protection. The surrounding buildings were all built later, which is why the former ground-level shooting house now appears to be in a depression when viewed from the street.
The garden behind the building was only laid out in 1978; Of the historic gardens around the building, only the gate posts and the 18th century garden pavilion have survived.
Individual evidence
- ^ Joachim Friedl: Heimatbund rescued the shooting house . In: Heilbronn voice . March 1, 2010 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on May 30, 2010]).
- ↑ https://www2.landesarchiv-bw.de/ofs21/olf/struktur.php?Stock=17500&sprungId=349271&letztesLimit=suchen
literature
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Helmut Schmolz , Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures.
Volume 1: Photos from 1860 to 1944 . Konrad, Weißenhorn 1966.
Volume 2: Photos from 1858 to 1944 . Konrad, Weißenhorn 1967. - Ilse Fischer: Places of socializing in and around Heilbronn . In: Heilbronn Historical Association. 20. Publication . Heilbronn 1951.
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 27.5 ″ N , 9 ° 12 ′ 23.5 ″ E