Entrainer
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Entrainers are additives used in various separation processes that enable individual substances to be separated from mixtures of substances :
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Extractive rectification
- Change of the activity coefficients of the substances to be separated in order to achieve separation factors significantly different than 1
- The saturation vapor pressure of the entrainer should be significantly lower (the boiling temperature is then higher) than that of the substances to be separated, on the one hand to ensure that the additive does not introduce a new azeotrope and on the other hand it can be easily separated in the bottom of a separating column .
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Azeotropic distillation
- Entrainer and component to be separated form an azeotrope and are not soluble in one another ( miscibility gap ).
- The steam distillation is used an example of an azeotropic distillation with water as entrainer.
- Often used to separate water (e.g. toluene as a water tug )
- The tractor phase flows out of the condensate back into the sump (separation via a water separator, for example ).
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Liquid-liquid extraction
- Only one of the components should completely dissolve in the entrainer.
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Absorption (gas separation)
- Different solubility of the gases in the entrainer
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Otto-Albrecht Neumüller (Ed.): Römpps Chemie-Lexikon. Volume 5: Pl-S. 8th revised and expanded edition. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-440-04515-3 , p. 3721.
- ^ Walter Wittenberger: Chemische Laboratoriumstechnik , Springer-Verlag, Vienna, New York, 7th edition, 1973, pp. 180-183, ISBN 3-211-81116-8 .
- ^ Brockhaus ABC Chemie , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig 1965, p. 387.