Jößnitz Castle
The Jößnitz Castle is the landmark of the town of the same Jößnitz .
history
In 1282 the first documentary mention of the Jößnitz manor was recorded. According to tradition, the former knight's castle was built around 1320 . The surrounding area belonged to the lords of Lobdaburg-Elsterberg at that time .
From 1446, the castle was owned by the Lords of Dobeck. The estate came to the von Watzdorf family in 1563 .
The castle was probably damaged by fire during the Thirty Years War. In 1643 the reconstruction could be finished. From 1842 Jößnitz Castle was in civil hands, initially by Johann Gottfried Opitz. In 1904, the Völkel family became the owners of the ensemble and then built the manor park, which was used to relax the family and included a bathhouse and a tennis court. The pond emerged from a manor pond that existed before the park was established; the pond island was originally planted with hanging ash, standard roses and rhododendrons and was accessible via a white wooden bridge. After the foreclosure auction decreed in 1924, the Jößnitz manor came to the Thuringian State Bank. After the Landvolk-Siedlungsgesellschaft Berlin AG took over the estate in 1929, it was divided between the city of Plauen (50 hectares), various private individuals (45 hectares as settlement area) and Max Pollack (85 hectares). Pollack's part of the area with the hunter's house was sold to the Sächsische Bauernsiedlung in 1936. Kurt Popp is known as the owner three years later. Afterwards the manor was transferred to community property.
From 1947 to 1973 the castle served as a school building. Subsequently it was unused due to dilapidation, as the funds for repairs were lacking. Only after the fall of the Wall was it possible to save the landmark of Jößnitz. The foundation of the "Friends of the Castle Jößnitz" enabled the renovation of the historically valuable building. The listed building was almost completely demolished between 1993 and 1998 and, like the small round tower, was rebuilt while maintaining the old style. Today it houses a hotel and a restaurant. The Poland House had to be demolished in 2000 after a long period of vacancy.
A medieval spectacle has been taking place around the castle every year since 2006. Here handicrafts, knight competitions and medieval market life are brought to life.
Building description
Remnants of the wall on the site of the so-called "Jägerhaus" indicate that an old fortification was built there at the time of settlement . The new seats were dangerous for the German knights and their followers, and revolts and raids had to be expected. This made it necessary for the gentlemen to create places where they could keep their families and their belongings safe. In the vicinity of this protected complex, the lords and their servants built the farmsteads that were necessary for cultivating the land. These were called Vorwerke . This is probably how the manor in Jößnitz came into being.
The original palace complex consisted of two buildings. Only the side lock with its roof turret has survived from the former complex . The rear main building had turrets and bay windows, protected on one side by ditches and bulwarks, and had a drawbridge. It was demolished in 1860. The owner at the time wanted to have a new one built, but his sudden death meant that this plan was no longer carried out. The well-preserved roof turret of the main castle was then transferred to the secondary lock. Since then, today's castle has a "tower".
The castle is a multi-storey building made of quarry stone with a half-timbered upper floor. The entire framework structure was renewed prototypically. The half-hip roof has a lantern and standing dormers with a gable roof. The facade is characterized by rectangular windows, cross-frame windows and partially preserved original loopholes. These openings were likely enlarged in the 17th century. Next to the castle is a small round tower with a Welscher hood.
Manor and Jößnitz Castle as a cultural monument
The entire ensemble is listed under the numbers 09247103 (material group of manor and castle Jößnitz) and 09247102 (individual monuments). The castle (former hilltop castle) with round tower and retaining walls as well as the manor park (garden monument) created later below the castle with garden pavilion are listed as individual monuments. The castle and the round tower are extremely important for the local history and landscape. There are retaining walls in the slope area and there are numerous trees in the park, especially old trees and ornamental shrubs that are valuable dendrologically. The circular route system and the pond with island and fountain are inherited from the time they were built, so that the gardening conceptions of the beginning of the 20th century manifest themselves in it with a high degree of authenticity, and it also has a landscape design significance. In the park below the castle there is an originally preserved small garden arbor in the Swiss house style, which documents the craftsmanship of the early 20th century.
Structural assets in the estate park
- Accessibility: typical circular route system of a park in the landscape style, which enables long walks - starting east of the castle, down the castle slope to the flat part of the park, leading around the pond and ascending back to the castle in the west over the castle slope
- Access to the park: from the west over the bridges at two points from Bahnhofstrasse, from the northwest over the circular path that branches off from Schlossstrasse, from the east over the exit over the castle slope east of the castle
- Path system: historical route preserved, water-bound cover, earth paths split today due to care residue
- Horticulture: Gazebo (individual monument) in the Swiss house style, probably built around 1905/10, wooden construction, single-storey, with a small covered terrace, hipped roof with double plain tile covering, rafter and purlin heads decorated
- Water elements: Pond (with a bulged shoreline, island and water fountain) forms the design focus of the park and is fed via an inlet from the Kaltenbach and returned to the Kaltenbach via an outlet in the east of the park
Vegetable protected goods in the estate park
- Alleys and rows of trees: Row of horse chestnuts (Aesculus hippocastanum) southeast of the pond
- Individual trees: Weymouth pine (Pinus strobus), Sawara false cypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Filifera'), common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), black pine (Pinus nigra), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), Canadian hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
- Numerous old trees on the slope: English oak (Quercus robur), common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), mountain elm (Ulmus glabra)
- Hedges and shrubs: whistle bush (Philadelphus coronaries), Tatar dogwood (Cornus alba), snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), alpine currant (Ribes alpinum), hazelnut (Corylus avellana), snowball (Viburnum spec.), Common lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
- Slope area: Snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), Alpine currant (Ribes alpinum)
- Pond island: Rhododendron (Rhododendron spec.)
- Perennials: circular rose bed south of the pond
Other protected assets in the estate park
- Ground relief: the manor and castle are enthroned on a plateau area that can be seen from afar, with the castle located approx. 4 meters above the courtyard level on a rock spur that slopes steeply to the west; at the foot of this slope there is a flat level extending towards the Kaltenbach, on which the largest part of the castle park is located
- Retaining wall (individual monument) in the upper area of the castle slope made of unplastered quarry stone with slate cover, wall accompanying the path at the foot of the castle slope made of layered natural stone
Disruptive factors
The castle can no longer be seen as a focal point from the park, as the old trees on the castle slope have become too high.
Farm yard
As part of the whole, the farm yard is also a listed building.
- The administrator's house was a former schnapps distillery, later an inspector's house. It is a two-storey, simple plastered building on a rectangular floor plan with a gable roof. There may be older inventory inside.
- The opposite, two-storey side building consists of brickwork with large sheds and wooden gates. On the upper floor there are brickwork, quarry stone or half-timbering filled with bricks. The gable roof has a small ridge turret. Inside is a large, barrel-vaulted cellar. Remnants of the quarry stone masonry go back to the older structure. On the ground floor there is partially Bohemian cap vault on pillars.
- The second farm building, a two-storey, heavily modified plastered building with a gable roof, stands next to a gate entrance with a large, double-leaf wooden gate and gate.
- The massive, plastered barn on the narrow side of the courtyard with a high crooked hip roof, ridge turrets and timber extension was originally one and a half story high. It was rebuilt in the same way after a fire in 1923.
- The third farm building is a one and a half story plastered building made of brick masonry and quarry stone with a gable roof. It was probably remodeled in the 19th century.
Web links
- Jößnitz Castle at Sachsens-Schlösser.de
Coordinates: 50 ° 32 ′ 36 ″ N , 12 ° 8 ′ 12 ″ E