Snow white (noble family)

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Family coat of arms von Schneeweiß 1600

The Schneeweiß were an old Bavarian- Austrian aristocratic family that was primarily resident in the (Duchy) of Carinthia , Styria and the Archbishopric of Salzburg , from 1628 and 1630/1631 in branches in Germany.

history

1300-1499

There are various theories about the origin and descent of the Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein family, which can no longer be substantiated due to the poor documentation in the early period around 1300 (in particular due to the Reformation wars and "Turkish invasions" in Carinthia and Styria). "They first appear in the 14th century under the nobility of Carinthia". The von Schneeweiß family first appeared in a document in 1326 by Niklas Schneeweiß zu Ossiach in Carinthia. In 1358 Chunigund Schneeweißin appears from Ossiach. In a document, Nikolaus von Schneeweiß von Arlstein (Arnoldstein), who married Elisabeth (Elspet) von Aspach in 1413, is the first Schneeweiß von Arlstein / Arnoldstein to appear. Around 1411 it appears in the Gurk directory of Dioecesis Salisburgensis. A Martinus von Schneeweiß Chorherr zu Gurk (obviously a brother or close relative of Nicholas) is mentioned several times there. It can be assumed that his rule over Arnoldstein went back to long-lived ancestors. Nikolaus and Elisabeth had a son: Caspar von Schneeweiß, who married Gertrud von Moosburg in 1454. Several children emerged from their marriage. B. Hans von Schneeweiß, Jakob von Schneeweiß and Stephan von Schneeweiß, who were among others court judges of the Arnoldstein monastery. They will be the so-called “progenitors” of the next snow-white generations.

Looking back, in 1784 the Bailiwick of Arnoldstein reported the following about the early history of the von Schneeweiß: “Chapel Drei Angel”, also known as Schlosskapelle zu Arnoldstein affiliated to the parish church Sankt Lambert zu Arnoldstein: “This chapel was from time immemorial a house chapel of the Counts von Schneeweiß and is on sale some Schneeweißischer goods including the same were given to the Arnoldstein Abbey ”.

A. Weiß cites another source on the early history of the Schneeweiß family in his book: “Carinthian Adel until 1300”. He explains that in 1446 Christoph von Schneeweiß lived well off at Spital, and that his widow Petronell was still alive in 1472. Early on, the von Schneeweiß had a close connection to the Nonnberg monastery in Salzburg. In 1493–1504 Magdalena von Schneeweiß is registered as a member of the Nonnberger Brotherhood. Stephan von Schneeweiß is Nonnberg'ischer bailiff from 1493 to 1504 and in the years 1493, 1494 and 1498 caretaker to Mauterndorf. Maria Magdalena I. Schneeweiß and Magdalena Schneeweiß II were abbesses of the Nonnberg monastery. The "early" of Schneeweiß in Arnoldstein and the surrounding area are well documented in many documents.

1500-1599

From 1500, those of Schneeweiß are documented primarily through numerous new acquisitions in Carinthia, Lower Styria to Zillertal / Tyrol. This shows the growing influence of the family beyond the borders of Carinthia. This is especially true for Lower Styria, where they were territorial lords. In Carinthia, Lower Styria and Tyrol they were the lords of ..., as feudal lords and fiefdoms, court judges, governors and castle and castle owners. In particular, the feudal system provided the von Schneeweiß family with a considerable fortune, which they used above all to expand their area of ​​property and rule. One of their new possessions (from 1564) is Wasserleonburg; 1573/1587 Trackenburg (today Kozje) and Frauheim and other communities and areas in Lower Styria; 1580: “The Veste Hardegg with the tower above it”; 1581 Bubenburg / Fügen Castle , Schwaz district in Tyrol .; and other farms, communities and areas.

In 1519 and 1556, Charles V confirmed the coat of arms for the von Schneeweiß family. In 1567 the letter of arms from Eh. Ferdinand for Jakob von Schneeweiß. In 1564 the court judge Christoph Schneeweiß was murdered by Arnoldstein. He was married to Apollonia von Leobenegg (marriage around 1560).

On March 2, 1595, Christoph Zacharias von Schneeweiß became a member of the Styrian rural team. He was the owner of Trackenburg, Frauheim etc. On April 24th and 25th, 1591 Kaspar von Schneeweiß zu Arnoldstein sold the Schneeweißsche property Arnoldstein to Abbot Johann. This ended the 200-year rule and direct relationship with Arnoldstein.

1600-1699

In this century the von Schneeweiß family experienced moving times, upheavals and rifts due to wars and above all the Reformation in Carinthia and Styria (1520/1560) and the Counter Reformation (1620). The division of Austria into a Catholic and Protestant camp also affected the von Schneeweiß family, who also split into two denominational camps. A part was actively on the side of the Counter Reformation by Ferdinand II and a part joined the Khevenhüller and was closely related to them. From 1608 to 1629 Christoph Schneeweiß from Arnoldstein auf Schneeg and Trackenburg etc. was the keeper of Landskron, the former ancestral seat of the Khevenhüller family and from 1617 to 1619 the keeper of Paternion. In the course of the Counter Reformation in 1630/1631 "Hannß Christoph and Christophe the snow-white gods" - Christoph and another five Schneeweiß emigrated from Arnoldstein to Germany. The Snow White exiles also included Hans Georg, Hans Gottfried and Hans Christoph II von Schneeweiß. Christoph Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein (exile) died in Würzburg in 1634. With this group of exiles, the family from Schneeweiß to Arlstein and Trackenburg etc. also spread in Germany. Before the great wave of emigration, Georg von Schneeweiß received the seat in Regensburg in 1628.

After the Counter Reformation by Ferdinand II, the Catholic part of the Schneeweiß family, who remained in Austria, was able to expand their possessions and consolidate their position of power. A good example of this is Claudius Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein, once the royal Gurk councilor and captain of Strasbourg. At the end of the Counter Reformation he was able to receive significant donations and favorable purchase offers from Ferdinand II and the Catholic Church (1629–1631) as a loyal servant. New acquisitions followed at a rapid pace. 1641 Castle / Castle Waisenberg, Castle Mittertrixen and Castle Obertrixen become the property of Claudius Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein. Obviously, the Catholic part of the Schneeweiß family recognized the moment to take advantage of the power vacuum created by the disappearance of the Protestant nobility. The confirmations of nobility and status that Claudius, Ehrenreich and Jakob Friedrich and Johann Jakob von Schneeweiß received from Ferdinand II also belong in this context. In 1670 they appear in a document and name themselves: Johann Jakob Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein and Ehrenhausen and Hans Georg Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein, Baron von Hämerles. Johann Jakob Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein, zu Waisenberg and Fügen, was also appointed from April 11, 1680, the landscape councilor of the large committee and the court and land rights assessors.

Ehrenreich von Schneeweiß appeared as captain of the Prince of Tittmoning in Salzburg as early as 1611. He fought against the Duke of Bavaria Maximilian, who besieged the town and castle of Tittmoning on October 22nd, 1611:

Maximilian's move against Salzburg October 22nd before Tittmoning, Maximilian advanced towards the city and the city surrendered at the second cannon shot. However, the castle defended itself longer under the command of the caretaker Ehrenreich von Schneeweiß. Before snow-white surrendered, it had to be shot at in the evening. That is why the crew was given free travel with luggage and even with their weapons. “It was very serious,” Maximilian wrote to his father. Yes, the Duke himself was in the greatest danger of his life, because a Pinzgauer had already aimed at him, and if that snow-white had not stopped him, Maximilian would most likely have stayed in the place, because a captain who stood by the Duke's side, and up that the orderly had the Pinzgauer shoot instead of the Duke was really hit and shot. On June 24, 1629 Ehrenreich Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein died (royal French war commissioner for the High German war people and Salzburg captain). (Gravestone in Hallein - see gallery)

The deep connection of part of the von Schneeweiß family to the Catholic faith is also evident in the family history. So many family members decided to go to church or to monastery life. Reichard von Schneeweiß was provost of Höglwert (1606). Maria Magdalena von Schneeweiß abbess of the monastery Nonnberg (1620). During this time, the Barbara Chapel in the Bishop's Church in Strasbourg also became an important burial chapel for those von Schneeweiß (see picture gallery). Claudius von Schneeweiß, who died in 1643, is buried here, among others. Gravestone inscription: “In praise and honor of God the Most High, his most glorious mother Mariae and the holy Junckhfrau Barba / rae had this altar set, the noble born Mrs. Christina Schneeweissin, born Rottmayrin Wittib on Waisenberg, / because of Jres, the husband died , des wanted Edl vnd Gestrengen H (errn) Claudy Schneeweis from Arnoltstain auf Waisenberg, former Prince Gurggger Rath and Haubtman alhie zu Straspurg, buried in this chapel. Anno 1643. "

A close connection existed through multiple marriages to the Haller von Hallerstein family . In 1570/1610 Susanna von Schneeweiß von Frauheim married Hans Georg Haller. He was the first to call himself "Haller von Hallerstein"; was ensign and officer in Carniola, councilor of Karl in Austria. In 1679, on January 16, Barbara Cäcilia Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein married Georg Ernst Haller von Hallerstein, imperial baron of the Alben and Hornegg. The von Schneeweiß and von Hallerstein families appear several times in a document as a close friendship.

Other properties testify to the family's wealth. In 1655 Ehrenhausen Castle and, for a short time (1650) Töllerberg, became the property of the von Schneeweiß family.

On October 10, 1699, Vienna: Snow-white from Arnoldstein and Fügen, Johann Martin, Franz Claudius, brothers, sons of Jacob Herr auf Ehrenhausen raised to the hereditary baron status by Emperor LEOPOLD I. On January 13, 1700: Hereditary Austrian baron status for the in Styria with several rulers of sat families from Schneeweiß. Exaltation text: "In the status, honor, and dignity of our, and the dear: empire, also of our hereditary kingdom, princes, and lands of barons and freedoms most graciously honored, raised, and set, also society of the crowd, society, and community of other ours and des heÿl: Rechs, also our Hereditary Kingdom, Principality, and Landen right-bored barons and Freÿinen Granted, associated, and equal to give you the name, status, and titul Schneeweiß Baroners and Freÿinen von Arnoldstein and Füegen given "

The Khevenhüller and Schneeweiß and the Reformation

Today it can no longer be reconstructed how long the Khevenhüller and Schneeweiß families had known each other. Khevenhüller and Schneeweiß appeared together for the first time at the funeral of one of Khevenhüller's children in 1607. On May 12, 1607, Christian Khevenhüller's funeral took place in Villach. The coffin was carried into the church by Christoph Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein and his wife Barthelmae. From February 27, 1608, Christoph Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein was the carer of Landskron.

In the early phase of 1520 and then again in the years from 1560 a large part of the nobility in Lower and Upper Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola converted to Protestantism . In 1578 Charles II granted the Carinthian nobility freedom of religion in order to receive help against the Turkish invasions. After the sovereign counter-reformation began in 1600 in the Carinthian bourgeoisie and peasantry, the freedom of religion of the nobility was also abolished in 1628. As a result, the wave of Protestant emigration reached its peak. Ferdinand II determined the emigration of the Protestant knights of Carinthia and Styria for the end of July 1629.

Since 1614, Hanns Christoph Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein in particular was prosecuted by the Austrian Catholic government for standing up for the peasant subjects whose conscience was oppressed and who became or were Protestants. In 1615 he was quoted in Graz in "causa religionis" because he was accused of having stopped a preacher in Landskron Castle, who had served communion for 150 people. At the beginning of 1617, Mrs. Regina von Khevenhüller appointed him to be the caretaker of the Paternion estate. In 1621 the government took action against him again because he was charged with preventing subjects from attending Catholic services. In 1621, Ferdinand II made the Khevenhüllers the serious accusation that their caretaker Christoph Schneeweiß from Arnoldstein on Landskron kept a “Tyrolean schoolmaster” with him who “did a highly disgraceful sermon or sermon” against the person of the emperor, and thereby the subjects had stimulated "to get up and take up arms and arms". In 1626 Hans von Khevenhüller gave him a small property. On September 30, 1629 Hans von Khevenhüller bought subjects from Christoph Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein on Schneeg because Christoph wanted to leave the country. He had already monetized his land and possessions. There is evidence that he did not leave Carinthia, but stayed on the Landskron. In August 1630 he helped to get rid of the letters and documents from Khevenhüller. At the end of 1630 the snow-whites left Austria. The connection between the two families did not break. Hans Christoph Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein (son of Hanns Christoph Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein), was bailiff of the von Khevenhüller family in Nuremberg for 28 years.

coat of arms

1. Kä. WB. C: quartered shield, 1 u. 4 rows, sloping s. Beam; 2 u. 3 rows, at the foot and in the middle narrower s. Beam with three pinnacles; two free open nobility. kr. turned tournament helmets; I: r. Wing with the s. Beam like in the shield; II. R. Wing with two s. Beam as in the shield, but here four battlements around 1600

2. - 1605, Siebmacher, J .; New Book of Arms; Nuremberg, 1605; "Kärndtische"; Panel 45; "SCHNEWEIS": squared; 1 u. 4 rows, sloping g. Arrow with s. Plumage, the tip iron-colored; 2 u. 3 rows, see below Ashlar wall with three battlements; 2 facing freely open aristocratic crown. Tournament helmets with r./s. Dk. on both sides; I: r. closed Flight with the arrow at an angle. increasing; II: r. closed Flight with the s. Ashlar wall.

3. - after Kä. WB A, fol. 181:

4. - 1612, after Hieronymus Megiser , Anales Carinthia, Volume II, fol. 1781: as in Kä. WB. A and C, but instead of the 2 narrow bars with three battlements in the 2 u. 3 field a field divided by a battlement wall with 3 ½ (2 ½) battlements, which image is repeated on the second helmet; without color information.

5. - 1657, Siebmacher, J .; The renewed heraldic book, first part; Nuremberg, 1657; "Kärndtische"; Panel 45; "SCHNEWEIS": like in the old Siebm. 1605.

6. - 1586: Maria Magdalena von Schneeweiß own coat of arms / St.Peter u. Nonnberg zu Salzburg, cemetery: "3 noble spiritual women bodily sisters with names Margareta, Cordula, Maria Schnweisin own coat of arms" with Schneeweiß'ischen Wpp. (Quartered; from arrow with a su a g. wing in the row and tied from the wall with tin).

7. - 1625, Salzburg: Maria Magdalena von Schneeweiß, Abbess of the Nonnberg Church, died. Wpp memorial stone St.Peter u. Nonnberg to Salzburg. Wpp,.: Embed; 1 u. 4 occupied by a single right-flying, feathered arrow; 2 u. 3 shows 2 battlements each.

  • Siebmacher panel 45

  • Coat of arms of the von Schneeweiss family, 1605

  • Coat of arms of the von Schneeweiß family 1612 sw

  • Strasbourg Barbara Chapel - Coat of arms of the von Schneeweiß family

  • Schneeweiß's coat of arms Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1605

  • Snow white coat of arms around 1700

Former properties and graves of the von Schneeweiß family

  • Ancestral Chapel of the Snow White, Three Angel Chapel Fresco in Arnoldstein

  • Arnoldstein monastery ruins

  • Arnoldstein monastery ruins - old monastery church

  • Waisenberg, Obertrixen and Mittertrixen around 1688

  • Waisenberg drawing

  • Drawing Waisenberg Vischer

  • Frauenheim Castle, Vischer's Topographia Ducatus Styriae 1681

  • Vischer - Topographia Ducatus Stiria, 042 Drachenburg - Kozje

  • Wasserleonburg Castle 1688, by Johann Weichard von Valvasor

  • Bubenburg I in Fügen

  • Klagenfurt Ehrenhausen Palace

  • Klagenfurt Annabichl Castle

  • Barbarakapelle Grabkapelle der Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein in Strasbourg

  • Grave slab of Claudius von Schneeweiß

  • Ehrenreich Schneeweiß von Arnoldstein tombstone slab in Hallein city church, the upper part is missing

literature

  • Hermann Braumüller: History of Carinthia. Volume I.
  • A. Weiß: The nobility of Carinthia up to the year 1300. Vienna 1869.
  • Paul Dedic: Carinthian exiles of the 17th century. In: Carinthia I. 1952.
  • Nikolaus von Preradovich : The Political Military Elite in "Austria" 1526-1918. In: Saeculum 15
  • Volker Press: The Old Reich: Selected Articles. 2000.
  • Hermann Wiessner, Margareta Vyoral-Tschapka: Castles and palaces in Carinthia. District Hermagor, Spittal / Drau, Villach. Vienna 1986.
  • Rudolf Endres: Nobility in the Early Modern Age. 1993.
  • Georg Scheidlein : Principles of the Austrian provincial rights. Volume 1 and 2 (from 1785).
  • Rudolf von Granichstaedten-Czerva: Old Austrian nobility and coat of arms law , in the magazine Adler, Vienna 1947.
  • Carl Schmutz : Historical-topographical lexicon of Steyermark. Volume 3, 1822.
  • Michael Walz, Karl von Frey: The grave monuments of St. Peter and Nonnberg in Salzburg. In: Communication from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg. 1871, 1872, 1873.
  • Georg Abdon Pichler: Salzburg's regional history. Issues 1–2. 1861.
  • Bernhard Franz Czerwenka: The Khevenhüller. History of the family with special reference to the 17th century. Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna 1867 ( limited preview in the Google book search).

Web links

Commons : Schneeweiß family  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hermann, Gesch. of Carinthia, I
  2. ↑ From the archive of the Carinthian General Assembly
  3. ↑ 16. KLA; GV f. Kä .; Collective archive; Fasz. 127
  4. ^ Dioecesis Salisburgensis
  5. ↑ 17. KLA; Arnoldstein; Document No. 78 (1573.VIII.11) or Fasz.XLVII (1533.X.9)
  6. ↑ Ms. Marktge. Arnoldstein, Carinthia's nobility up to 1300, The Benedictine monks and nuns monasteries in Austria and South Tyrol, explanations of the historical atlas of the Austrian Alpine countries; Changeable Exhib. the Austrian Gal. / Issue 62 - 66
  7. ↑ Notification. d. Companion f. Sbg. Regional studies; LVI; 1916; Message. d. Companion f. Sbg. Regional studies vol. 47
  8. ↑ z. E.g .: 21st KLA; Arnoldstein; B-document; No. 31; Khev ​​.; Landskron
  9. ↑ Khev ​​.; Landskron; Source: KLA: Fpk.II, P.2, No. 283; KLA: Fpk.II; Box 7; 1432; KLA: Arnoldstein; Fasz.XLVII etc.
  10. ^ KLA: Water - Leonburg; Certificate No. 104; KLA: Hschft. Wasserleonburg; Box 1; 4b
  11. ↑ Historisch-topographisches Lexicon von Steyermark, 1822, Volume 3; Lebmacher, C .; Gurker feudal people in Kä .; Eagle; MBl.XII; P. 180; Consolidation and change of the ethnic structures in the Pannonian area in the late Middle Ages: International cultural and historical symposium Mogersdorf 1994 in Mogersdorf
  12. ↑ Senftenegger MBl. I.
  13. ↑ DEHIO; Fügen and Fügenberg: a history of houses and farms
  14. ↑ ÖStA; AVA; (R); 0 Wpp Fig.
  15. ↑ GOLDEGG, H .; The Tyrolean coat of arms books in the aristocratic archives of the Imperial and Royal Minist. of the interior at Vienna; 1875; No. 182; P. 21.
  16. ↑ KLA; Arnoldstein; Fasz.XLVII / XXIV / A3, HrBf. 1533.X.9
  17. ↑ Historisch-topographisches Lexicon von Steyermark, 1822, Volume 3; Provincial table directory Carinthia
  18. ↑ KLA; Arnoldstein; Fasz.XLVII / XXIV / A3
  19. ↑ KLA; Cat. Millstatt I; P. 93; Neumann, W .; Immigrants from d. Lausitz u. Silesia in Villach; in: News from Alt-Villach; No. 29 (1992); KLA; Hschft. Paternion-Kellerberg; Sch.41; 417; KLA; Cat. Millstatt I; P. 93; The Landskron Archive; S-330; KLA; GV f. Kä .; Collective archive; 118
  20. ^ Carinthian nobility up to the year 1300 / A. Weiß; Nuremberg directory of Austrian exiles / Clauss; Contributions to Bavarian Church History / Exiles Volumes 18 - 19
  21. ↑ Die Khevenhüller: History of the sex with special consideration of the 17th century by Bernhard Czerwenka; Kä. Exul. d. 17th century; in: CAR 1655
  22. ↑ Exile Car. I 147
  23. ↑ Kä. Exul. d. 17th century; in: CAR 1955
  24. ↑ Kä. Country team; 9/1970; P. 5; KLA; Cat. St. GEORGEN / L .; 27 / I; P. 34.
  25. ↑ KLA: Fpk. II; Box 19; 4816, 4821; KLA: Eberstein + Hornburg; Document 90
  26. ^ KLA: Eberstein + Hornburg, Urk. 89; Mittertrixen, Fortl. No. 270; Henckel-Donnersmarck, HS 178; Car. 1814/27; Mittertrixen, Fortl. No. 270;
  27. ^ KLA: Ständisches Archiv; C files; Division I; Fascia 2; "Directory of the noble families of the princes, counts, barons and knights, such as those in Karnten assets of esteemed land = matriculation or land table from year to year have come over the land team, As"; fol. 189; Land board directory Carinthia
  28. ↑ Martin, F .; 100 Slzbrg. Fam.
  29. ^ KLA: Orsini-Rosenberg Archive Box 56; No. 137 - KLA: Orsini-Rosenberg family archive box 58; 47-224
  30. ^ Prince Wolf Dietrich, elected EB to Salzburg; in: Mitteil. d. Companion f. Slzbrg. Landesk .; XIII; 1873
  31. ^ Salzburgs Landesgeschichte / issues 1-2 / by Georg Abdon Pichler 1861 page 410
  32. ↑ 52. Öster. Art Topog., Hallein
  33. ↑ AV. Archdiocese of Salzb. Document 1407, The grave monument. from St.Peter u. Nonnberg in Slzbrg. in: Mitteil. d. Companion f. Slzbrg. Regional studies; XIV, 1874, No. 329; P. 373.
  34. ↑ NEDOPIL, L .; German nobility samples; I.Bd .; No. 2200
  35. ^ Siebmacher WB .; Lower Austria; Teuffenbach; P. 321.
  36. ↑ ZENNGG; Wedding invitations d. Kä. Booths; in JB Adler 1910; No. 153
  37. ↑ Henckel-Donnersmarck, H., p. 174; ÖStA, AVA, (E); fol. 1-12, 0 Wpp Fig
  38. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 8, Leipzig 1868, p. 263
  39. ↑ Die Khevenhüller: History of the sex with special consideration of the 17th century by Bernhard Czerwenka; KLA; Cat. Millstatt I; P. 93.
  40. ↑ Kärntner Museumschriften Agoritschach; Die Khevenhüller: History of the sex with special consideration of the 17th century by Bernhard Czerwenka; Basics of the Carinthian regional history; Carinthia's nobility up to the year 1300 / A. Weiß; KHEVENHÜLLER, G .; The Landskron Archive; S-326; Orig. Perg., 1 seal, good condition. Enclosed: register of goods sold. Khevenhüller, G .; The Landskron Archive; S-330; KLA; Hschft. Paternion-Kellerberg; Sch.41; 417; KLA; Cat. Millstatt I; P. 93.
  41. ↑ The grave monuments of St. Peter u. Nonnberg in Salzburg, in: Mitteil. the companion. f. Salzburg. Regional studies; XI; 1871; No. 211
  42. ↑ The funerary monument. from St. Peter u. Nonnberg in Salzburg, in: Mitteil. d. Companion f. Salzburg. Regional studies; XIV; 1874; No. 329