Hieronymus Megiser

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Hieronymus Megiser (* 1557 in Stuttgart , † 1618 or 1619 in Linz , Austria ) was a polyhistor , linguist and historian.

Hieronymus Megiserus (1613)

Life

Hieronymus Megiser studied at the University of Tübingen from 1571 , was a favorite student of the late humanist and philologist Nicodemus Frischlin , received his master's degree there in 1577 and went to Laibach, today's Ljubljana, as a private teacher (“ praeceptor ”) in 1581 . From 1582 he studied law in Padua and then worked again as a private tutor to young aristocrats from Carniola and Styria, undertook extensive trips - in 1588/89 to Italy and Malta and in 1591 to Northern Germany, Holland and England - before moving to Graz from Archduke in 1590/91 Karl was appointed "Ordinarius Historiographus", landscape historian, and met the young Johannes Kepler , with whom he remained "in scientific and friendly relations". In 1593 he came to Carinthia, where he held the post of rector at the evangelical "Collegium sapientiae et pietatis" of the state estates in Klagenfurt until 1601 . When this university-level institution, in the tradition of which today's Europagymnasium in Klagenfurt sees itself , was transferred to the Jesuits in the course of the Counter-Reformation , he had to leave Carinthia like almost all other Protestant professors.

After further trips, Hieronymus Megiser settled in Frankfurt am Main , where he married the daughter of the printer Johann Spiess. He then worked in Gera for Heinrich Posthumus von Reuss , who had set up a modern state educational institution. In 1603, Elector Christian II made Megiser an extraordinary professor of history at the University of Leipzig and an electorally appointed historiographer . He held this position until 1612, when Archduke Karl of Austria made him Count Palatine and appointed him to Linz as a historian . The interest of the Upper Austrian estates in history was so great that they wanted to employ a historian to manage the landscape library and, like the court historians, do commissioned work. The choice fell on Hieronymus Megiser, who was named "historicus" of the landscape in 1615. In the same year he was commissioned to write a chronicle of the country.

When the clashes between the Protestant estates and the Catholic ruling house reached their climax between 1618 and 1620, Megiser wrote writings in which the constitutional views of the estates' opposition were historically justified, for example the assumption of state administration by the landscape during an interregnum. This temporal fact of the disputes also results in the assumption of a later date of death than the previously assumed year 1618. It was a sensitive topic in which the estates and princely constitutional thinking collided head-on. Megiser uncompromisingly represented the view of the estates, according to which only the landscape was authorized to exercise the power of rule at this time.

meaning

  • With his two dictionaries (1592, 1608), both of which for the first time considered the “Windisch” (= Slovenian) language to be on par with German, Latin and Italian, he made a contribution to the Slovenian language.
  • He published the first Turkish grammar, a multilingual dictionary of practically all of the languages ​​known at the time, a first multilingual collection of proverbs, travelogues, including the first German translation of Marco Polo and others' travelogue in 1611 . v. a.
  • With his descriptions of Naples (1605), Madagascar (1609), Venice (1610), Carinthia (1610), Northern Germany, Holland and England (1613), he is considered to be the founder of culturally and historically oriented German-language travel literature as opposed to pilgrimage reports.
  • He was the editor and publisher of the first printed Carinthian history (1610) and arranged for the Leipzig printing of the Annales Carinthiae by Michael Gothard Christalnick , which he had compiled from 1579–1592, and as the author Megiser himself was long considered, a work in which for the first time the importance of the Carinthian Herzogstuhl was interpreted as a document of corporate democracy.
  • He made a contribution to the library of the Collegium in Klagenfurt, which is often referred to as the university, by drafting the first library regulations and creating an index over the entire inventory of the library.
  • He also suggested the restoration of the Duke's Chair, which was to experience the last personal session of a sovereign in 1597.
  • He was editor of the last volumes of the Theatrum Machinarum by Heinrich Zeising , the German-language standard work on machines in the 17th century.

Works

Dictionarium quatuor linguarum (first edition 1592)
  • Megiser, Hieronymus - Dictionarium quatuor linguarum (1592,1608,1744 - one of the most essential works on the Slovene language included the languages: German, Latin, Slovene, Italian) ( digitized version of the Graz edition 1592 )
  • Megiser, Hieronymus - Slovensko-nemsko-latinski slovar (1592, 1977, 1967 facsimile of the edition of 1592)
  • Megiser, Hieronymus - A treatise / From the triple knighthood / and all knight orders of Christendom / so much of them struck and served up to the present day: in which are indicated the differences and varieties / also by whom / when and how / Every knight's order is special and it was created / and whichever Merck symbol / also statutes / and statutes / sampled different items: Outside of all scribes and histories drawn together / adorned with figures / and put in truck, Franckfurt am Meyn 1593 (oldest work in German on secular and spiritual orders of knights)
  • Megiser, Hieronymus: Icones & Vitae Paparum: LIBELLVS RECENS EDITVS. Quo non solum OMNIVM ROMANAE SEDIS PONTIFICVM, A D. PETRO, VSQVE AD CLEMENtem IIX. Effigies, quam accuratissime ad vivum expressae, ob oculos ponuntur: sed etiam, SINGVLORVM VITAE, NOMINA, parentes, familia, natales, patria, insignia, Symbola, dignitates & officia, resquè gestae: Annus item, administrations, Mensis ac Dies Creationis, Inauguration Pontificatus, Obitus & Sedis vacantis… , Frankfurt a. M., Joachim Brathering, 1602
  • Megiser, Hieronymus - Specimen quinquaginta diversarum atque inter se differentium linguarum et dialectorum; videlicet, oratio dominica. Frankfurt: Joachim Brathering, 1603 (texts in 50 languages)
  • Megiser, Hieronymus - Thesaurus Polyglottus. Frankfurt 1603
  • Megiser, Hieronymus - Delitiae Neapolitanae - This is a detailed description of the mighty and in Europe high and widely famous kingdom [...] Naples, Leipzig (1605).
  • Megiser, Hieronymus: Tabulae Genealogicae, Quibus Illustrißimi Principis ac Domini D. Johannis Georgii, Ducis Saxoniae (digitized), Gerae ad Elistrum: Spiessius, 1607
  • Megiser Hieronymus ed.Translation of Marco Polo's travelogue, 1609
  • Megiser, Hieronymus - Warhrachtige […] description of the […] Insul Madagascar . Altenburg 1609
  • Megiser, Hieronymus - Paradisus Deliciarum; that is the real and true description of the wonderful / powerful and world famous city Venice ... Leipzig 1610. Extracts reprint Bad Köstritz 1993
  • Megiser, Hieronymus - LANDS HANDVEST DES LOEBLICHEN ERTZHERTZOGTHUMBS KHAERNDTEN. INCLUDING KAYSERLICHE, KOENIGLICHE VND LANDS FUERSTLICHE FREYHAITEN, STATUTA, LANDS-USE AND OTHER PRINCIPLES AND REGULATIONS, BY LENGTH TERMS. [LEIPZIG] [A. LAMBERG] 1610 Digitized at Heidelberg University Library
  • Megiser, Hieronymus ed. Christalnick, Michael Gothard: Annales Carinthiae, Das ist, Chronica Des Löblichen Ertzhertzogthumbs Khärndten: Therein in detail, is described what is going on in the same Noble Land of Khärndten for well-known histories and stories , Leipzig (Lamberg) 1610-1612, the first printed work on the history of Carinthia ; Klagenfurt 1981: Reprint of the 1612 edition, Verlag Johannes Heyn; ISBN 3-85366-368-0 and ISBN 3-85366-369-9 )
  • Megiser Hieronymus and Joannes Melchior Maderus - Institutionum linguae turcicae, Leipzig 1612
  • Megiser, Hieronymus - Septentrio Novantiquus, or Die newe NortWelt. That is: Thorough and detailed description of all the lands and islands situated at midnight and in Nortwerth . Leipzig (1613)
  • Megiser Hieronymus - Iconographia Caesarum: or summary Keyser Chronicken excerpt. . . of all Roman Keyser from V. Julio Casare to the now reigning Lord Matthiam . Regensburg 1616
  • Megiser, Hieronymus - Delitiae Ordinum Equestrium. as a notable second short / yet detailed treatise / from the highly commendable knighthood: in the first / in common all the most prestigious orders and varieties of knights / so to be found in the whole of Christendom: sampt their different differences and foundations / are thoroughly indicated. In the other, however, / in Specie, a very crude particular description / of the well-known Order of Knights of St. John / and of the same current residency / of the well-known island of Malta. First of all in print: but now overlooked newe, and increased: also adorned with figures and copper pieces / fallen to the lover of history. Leipzig 1617
  • Megiser Hieronymus ed. Jansen des Enenkels Fürstenbuch von Austria and Styria , Linz 1618
  • Megiser Hieronymus - Rome.Imperat. vitae, that is worth remembering ... Descriptions of all Roman emperors from the first Julio Caesare to ... Ferdinandum III., Regensperg [sic!] 1657

literature

  • Anton Kreuzer: Carinthia twice. Self-published, Klagenfurt 1970, pp. 24-27.
  • Josef Pauser, Martin Scheutz, Thomas Winkelbauer (Hrsg.): Source studies of the Habsburg monarchy. (16th-18th century). An exemplary manual (= communications from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research. Supplementary volume 44). Oldenbourg, Vienna / Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7029-0477-8 .
  • Oskar Sakrausky : Protestant language creation among the Slovenes in the 16th century: Introduction to the Latin preface to the grammar of Adam Bohorič and the Latin disticha of the dictionary in four languages ​​by Hieronimus Megiser. In: Yearbook for the History of Protestantism in Austria 114 (1998), ISSN  1013-6991 , pp. 5-24.
  • Heidi Stein: The Turkish transcription text of Hieronymus Megiser. A contribution to the history of the Ottoman-Turkish language. Phil. Diss. Leipzig 1975, (Masch. Ms.).
  • Ingeborg Stein: The author - the work - the occasion - the edition . Supplement to the reprint of Hieronymus Megiser Paradisus Deliciarum in extracts. Published by the research and memorial site Heinrich-Schütz-Haus Bad Köstritz 1993
  • Arno Strohmeyer , “From the light of war to the birth of history”. The historical culture of the Austrian estates in the emergence of the Habsburg monarchy (1550–1650). In: Austrian Academy of Sciences. Display of the philosophical-historical class. Vol. 137, 2002, ISSN  0378-8652 , pp. 147-165.
  • Arno Strohmeyer: “Courtly” and “estates” historiography as historiographical-historical categories: the hereditary lands in the 16th and 17th centuries. In: Austria in history and literature. Vol. 46, 2002, ISSN  0029-8743 , pp. 202-218.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Axel Huber: The Chronicle of Michael Gothard Christalnick and Hieronymus Megisers Annales Carinthiæ. On the 400th anniversary of Megiser's death (1557–1619). In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 208th year. Klagenfurt 2018, p. 259-268 .
  2. ^ A b Walter Höflehner, History of Science: Hieronymus Megiser
  3. ↑ Theodor Elze:  Megiser, Hieronymus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1885, pp. 183-185.
  4. ^ Dieter Jandl, Klagenfurt. From the settlement on the ford to the knowledge city, historical overview. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 22.
  5. ^ Spieß, Johann in the German biography
  6. ↑ Arno Strohmeyer, “From the light of war to the birth of history”. The historical culture of the Austrian estates in the emergence of the Habsburg monarchy (1550–1650). In: Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophical-historical class 137. Vienna 2002, p. 165.
  7. ↑ Megiser's Search Engine 1744 : "The Megiser dictionaries from 1592 and 1744 offer corresponding items from four different languages ​​from three different branches of Indo-European: Teutsch-Latin-Windisch-Wälisch , ie German-Latin-Slovenian-Italian"
  8. ^ Dieter Jandl, Klagenfurt. From the settlement on the ford to the knowledge city, historical overview. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 20.
  9. ↑ Entry on Christalnick, Michael Gotthard in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
  10. ^ Wilhelm Neumann: Timeline for the history of Carinthia. In: This is Carinthia. [Ed.] Office of the Carinthian Provincial Government, 2nd edition, Klagenfurt 1978, p. 13.
  11. ^ Wilhelm Neumann, 600 years of historiography. From Johann von Viktring to Martin Wutte. In: This is Carinthia. [Ed.] Kärntner Landesregierung, 2nd edition, S 90 f, Klagenfurt 1978.
  12. ^ Image of the installation of the duke
  13. ^ Wilhelm Neumann: Timeline for the history of Carinthia. In: This is Carinthia. [Ed.] Office of the Carinthian Provincial Government, 2nd edition, Klagenfurt 1978, p. 13.
  14. ^ Dieter Jandl, Klagenfurt. From the settlement on the ford to the knowledge city, historical overview. Klagenfurt 2006
  15. ↑ The original title is: “ Historia Carinthiaca. This is a long and tidy description of the histories of the highly praiseworthy and ancient Ertzherzogthumbs Carinthia [...] published and given on the day in 1578. ” Christalnick's only partially preserved manuscript (there are the preface and the first four books, which go into the Roman times) comprises 188 slides and is located in the Augustinian Canons' Monastery of St. Florian, Abbey Library, Hs. XI, 523.
  16. ^ Annales Carinthiae , printed in Leipzig by Abraham Lamberg. MDCXII, but sometimes also goes beyond Carinthia's national borders to the Gottscheer Land in Krain , for example S 5:
    “Ebner masses can also be found in the credible Authoribus that the most prominent peoples from the Swabians , called Sennones, lived in this opposite country : Then they sat down for the first time in Liburnia, by the corner of the Adriatic Sea, namely next to Histerreich (Istria), Dalmatia and Friuli . We call this place in the country the Pyrpamer (Birnbaumer) forest , Karsch, Wippach, Gottschee and the Windische March . Strabo and Pliny call these Swabians Cenomanos and their surviving descendants are still today in Gottschee and around there, which inhabitants in the middle of the Windische use the German language and have a Swabian pronunciation. "
personal data
SURNAME Megiser, Hieronymus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Universalist, linguist and historian
DATE OF BIRTH 1557
PLACE OF BIRTH Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH 1618 or 1619
Place of death Linz , Austria