School of Preslaw
The Preslaw School (Bulgarian Преславска книжовна школа; German Literary School of Preslaw) is the first academy in medieval Bulgaria. It was founded in 885 or 886 by the Bulgarian Tsar Boris I. Michael in the imperial capital Pliska . The archaeologists believe that it is located in the so-called Great Basilica of Pliska. In 893 the school of Simeon the Great was moved to the new capital Preslaw .
The seminary of Preslav is considered to be one of the most important literary and cultural centers not only in Bulgaria, but in the entire Slavic world of that time until the destruction of the city by the Byzantine emperor John I Tzimiskes (969–976) in 971.
Soon after 893, the Preslav School developed alongside the Ohrid School (Bulgarian Охридска книжовна школа) as another center of the old Bulgarian literary culture , in which many writers, translators, philosophers and geographers, including the monks and scholars Konstantin von Preslaw , Naum von Preslaw , Ioan Exarch (also Johannes Exarch; † 900), Tudor Doks , Presbyter Kozma and Tschernorizec Hrabar have developed broad literary activities. Here the young Simeon is said to have withdrawn and literary after his studies at the University of Constantinople (also Athenaeum or Magnaura University) in Byzantium, where he learned theology and secular philosophy until 886 - which is why his contemporaries called him "half-Greek" Before he was appointed ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire in the Council of Pliska in 893 . Some researchers today tend to see Simeon behind the pseudonym Tschernorizec Hrabar (translated "Kuttträger Courage" or "brave monk").
In addition to the broad humanities and, above all, translation activities, in which, among other things, Byzantine authors were the focus, the Preslaw seminar also developed as a center of poetry and painting . During this time, which in Bulgaria is called the Golden Age of Bulgarian culture, the Preslav seminar went to a new, suitable script - the Cyrillic alphabet , which was mainly based on elements of the Greek uncial script, which had been used for centuries. The oldest Cyrillic monuments have also been found in old Preslav and its surroundings .
Monastery of St. Pantelejmon
Preslav's school apparently had its seat in the monastery of Saint Panteleemon (Bulgarian Свети Пантелеймон; German Saint Pantaleon ), located about 6 km south of today's city, above the old administrative center. The magnificent monastery complex, which is picturesquely situated on the slope of the high mountains around Preslaw, was expanded in the 9th century and destroyed in the 12th century, so that today only its foundations can be seen. Boris I. Michael is said to have retired here after resigning from his office. The old king of Bulgaria died as a monk in this monastery on May 2nd, 907.
The area around the old monastery became the Patlejna Biosphere Reserve because of the unique flora.
Laying of the foundation stone
On June 30th, 2008 Cyrill , Metropolitan of the Diocese of Varna and Velikiy Preslav , laid the foundation stone for a new church near the ruins of the medieval monastery of Saint Pantelejmon in Patleina after a solemn service and water consecration.
Individual evidence
- ^ Curta, Florin, Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250 (Cambridge Medieval Textbooks), Cambridge University Press (September 18, 2006), pp. 221-222