Black-brown dice thick-headed butterfly
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Black-and-brown dice thick-headed butterfly ( Pyrgus serratulae ) |
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| Pyrgus serratulae | ||||||||||||
| ( Rambur , 1839) |
The black-brown cube-head butterfly ( Pyrgus serratulae ) is a butterfly from the family of the thick-headed butterfly (Hesperiidae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 22 to 25 millimeters. The upper side of the forewings of the male has very small bright spots, which are usually only weakly or hardly indicated on the hind wings. The underside of the hind wings is olive to yellow-green without darker mottles. In the females, the bright spots are even smaller, usually only point-shaped. The top of the wing is usually brass yellow.
The caterpillar is initially green to brownish green with a dark brown head. After the third molt, the caterpillar turns purple-red to black-brown.
The doll is strongly drawn, the drawing consists of dark spots and lines. The basic color is a light brown. The Kremaster is relatively wide.
Geographical occurrence and distribution
The black-brown cube-head butterfly is distributed from northern Spain (with some isolated occurrences further south), through Central Europe (with the exception of the Atlantic coastal regions and England) to Lithuania and climatically temperate Asia to Transbaikalia. In the south the occurrence extends to northern Italy (with an isolated occurrence in the central Apennines ), the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor. You can find it in open, hilly or mountainous areas, mostly on flowery meadows with individual bushes up to about 2400 meters. It is usually rare and only occurs very locally.
Way of life
The kind is univoltin ; ie only one generation is formed per year. The moths fly from May to September, regionally e.g. T. already from April. The eggs are laid individually over a certain period of time in dry, sun-exposed niches at the foot of juniper bushes on poor grass. The caterpillar only lives in low-growing areas of poor grass, whereby the host plants stand free and must not be towered over by taller plants. It feeds exclusively on different types of cinquefoil ( potentilla ), which usually grow from a layer of moss in such places. The caterpillar lives under the web between contracted leaves in a kind of cavity in the moss between the cinquefoil plants or on the surface of the earth. The half-adult caterpillar (L4) overwinters in the lowlands. The wintering stage is reached as early as the end of July to the beginning of August. The wintering takes place in a gray cocoon. The threads are somewhat coarser than the threads in cocoons of other species of the genus Pyrgus . Earlier stages (L1 to L3) also overwinter at higher altitudes and in the mountains. Accordingly, the caterpillar development can drag on well into the summer. The moth's flight time is correspondingly late. The L4 caterpillars, which overwinter in the lower elevations and in the low mountain ranges, become active from the end of February to mid-March and pupate as early as April.
Danger
The species is endangered or endangered in most of the German federal states. In Germany as a whole, the species is endangered.
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ A b John Still: Butterflies and Caterpillars of Europe . 1st edition. Mosaik, 1999, ISBN 3-576-11344-4 , pp. 23 (Original title: Wild guide butterflies and moths . Translated by Kerstin Mahlke).
- ^ A b Lionel G. Higgins, Norman D. Riley: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . 1st edition. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1978, ISBN 3-490-01918-0 , pp. 279 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Wagner: The genus Pyrgus in Central Europe and its ecology - larval habitats, nutrient plants and development cycles . - In: T. Fartmann, G. Hermann (Hrsg.): Larval ecology of butterflies and rams in Central Europe. Treatises from the Westphalian Museum of Natural History, 68 (3/4): 83–122, Münster 2006, pages 92–93.
- ↑ Red Lists
literature
- John Still: Butterflies and Caterpillars of Europe . 1st edition. Mosaik, 1999, ISBN 3-576-11344-4 (Original title: Wild guide butterflies and moths . Translated by Kerstin Mahlke).
- Lionel G. Higgins, Norman D. Riley: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . 1st edition. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1978, ISBN 3-490-01918-0 .
- Butterflies. 2. Special part: Satyridae, Libytheidae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae . In: Günter Ebert, Erwin Rennwald (eds.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 2 . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1991, ISBN 3-8001-3459-4 .
- Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7 .
- Wolfgang Wagner: The genus Pyrgus in Central Europe and its ecology - larval habitats, nutrient plants and development cycles . - In: T. Fartmann, G. Hermann (Hrsg.): Larval ecology of butterflies and rams in Central Europe. Treatises from the Westphalian Museum of Natural History, 68 (3/4): 83–122, Münster 2006 PDF .
- Hans-Josef Weidemann: Butterflies: observe, determine . Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-89440-115-X .
